三峡大坝排沙孔原型观测及通气管阀门操作优化研究  

Study on prototype observation of Three Gorges Dam sediment outlets and operation optimization of ventilation valve

作　　者：耿峻 胡晗[2] 童广勤 丁宇 GENG Jun;HU Han;TONG Guangqin;DING Yu(China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443000,China;Institute of Hydraulics,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北宜昌443000 [2]长江科学院水力学研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水利水电快报》2024年第4期106-110,126,共6页Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2023312/SL);中国三峡集团有限公司资助(SXSN/4982)。

摘　　要：三峡大坝排沙孔工作门在高水头条件下启闭,且闸门后为有压流,闸门启闭过程中的水力特性复杂,水流空化等问题一直受到各方关注。研究介绍了三峡大坝排沙孔工作闸门启闭的水力学原型观测成果,三峡大坝设有7个排沙孔、2个冲沙孔和1个排沙洞,以左厂1号、2号排沙孔为监测对象,重点监测了通气孔风速、空气噪声、工作闸门区水下空化噪声。观测结果显示:当闸门处于开高3.8 m以上位置时,通气管被水流充满而不能补气,并开始成为分流通道,而且排沙孔工作闸门后通气管在大开度和全开状态下的分流会造成局部空化和声振的问题。经研究制定了合理的排沙孔工作闸门与通气管阀门适时配合操作原则。经过现场验证,采用该优化操作原则,初步解决了排沙孔工作闸门区的局部空化问题及闸门启闭过程中的声振问题。The working gates of the sediment outlets of Three Gorges Dam work under high head conditions,and there was a pressure flow behind the gate.The hydraulic characteristics during the opening and closing of the gate were complex,and the problems such as water flow cavitation had been concerned by all parties.We introduced the hydraulic prototype observation results of the opening and closing of the working gate of Three Gorges Dam sediment outlet.The Three Gorges Dam was equipped with seven sediment outlets,two flushing outlets and a sand duct.The No.1 and No.2 sediment outlets of left powerhouse were taken as the monitoring objects,and the air velocity,air noise and underwater cavitation noise in the working gate area were mainly monitored.The observation results showed that when the gate was at a height of more than 3.8 m,the vent pipe was filled with water and cannot be replenished,and began to become a diversion channel.Moreover,the diversion of the vent pipe after the working gate of the sediment outlet in the large opening and fully open state would cause a local cavitation and acoustic vibration problems.A reasonable operation principle of timely cooperation between the working gate of the sediment outlet and the valve of the ventilation pipe was formulated.After field verification,the local cavitation problem in the working gate area of the sediment outlet and acoustic vibration in the opening and closing process of the gate were preliminarily solved by using the optimized operation principle.

关 键 词：排沙孔 通气管 水流空化 声振 三峡大坝 

分 类 号：TV663[水利工程—水利水电工程]