西南某市未接种流感疫苗老年人群的知信现状与接种意愿的影响因素研究  

Study on the current situation of knowledge and belief and the influencing factors of vaccination willingness among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwest city

作　　者：马豪 张婷 彭苏霞 刘傲男 马蕊 陈琳静 雷蕾 杨艳芳 MA Hao;ZHANG Ting;PENG Su-xia;LIU Ao-nan;MA Rui;CHEN Lin-jing;LEI Lei;YANG Yan-fang(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,West China School of Public Health,Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川成都610041 [2]西南财经大学经济与管理研究院应用经济学系,四川成都611130 [3]雅安市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第7期1290-1294,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：西南某市肺炎和流感疫苗接种的健康与经济学评价及疫苗普及促进研究项目(22H0756)。

摘　　要：目的了解目前西南某市未接种流感疫苗老年人群对流感疫苗的知信现状和接种意愿,分析影响该老年人群接种意愿的因素,为推进流感疫苗普及提供依据。方法收集某市2023年10—12月600例60岁及以上未接种流感疫苗的老年人对流感疫苗相关知识的知信现状与接种意愿,最终有效问卷538份。采用t检验和χ2检验进行单因素分析,流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析采用logistic回归模型。结果538例老年人中57.8%的有流感疫苗接种意愿。55.6%的老年人“不了解或没有听说过流感疫苗”;53.2%的老年人认为“流感疫苗可能没有效果”;67.5%的老年人认为“接种流感疫苗会产生副作用”,且“估计产生副作用的比例”为17.53%。流感疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析结果显示,与“没有听说过流感疫苗”组相比,“大致了解”者(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.209~5.019,P=0.013)和“非常了解”者(OR=2.885,95%CI:1.112~7.485,P=0.029)流感疫苗接种意愿高;与“估计60岁及以上老年人群流感疫苗的接种比例为<20%”组相比,“估计接种比例60%~80%”组(OR=3.478,95%CI:1.555~7.779,P=0.002)和“估计接种比例≥80%”组(OR=4.591,95%CI:1.058~19.915,P=0.042)流感疫苗接种意愿高;“对个人健康状况满意程度”评分越高,流感疫苗接种意愿越低(OR=0.804,95%CI:0.670~0.964,P=0.018)。结论该地区未接种流感疫苗的老年人群对流感及其疫苗的了解情况不足,流感疫苗接种意愿较低,亟待提高。建议该地区加强流感及其疫苗的知识普及和大力宣传,采取结合实际的疫苗接种策略以提高流感疫苗接种意愿和接种率。Objective To understand the current status of knowledge and willingness of influenza vaccination among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwestern city,and to analyze the factors affecting the willingness of influenza vaccination,so as to provide a basis for promoting the popularization of influenza vaccine.Methods A total of 600 elderly people aged 60 and above who were not vaccinated with influenza vaccine from October to December 2023 were surveyed on their knowledge and willingness to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine.Finally,538 valid questionnaires were collected.Univariate analysis was carried out using t-test andχ2 test,and logistic regression model was used to analyze influenza vaccination intention.Results In total 57.8%of the 538 elderly people were willing to be vaccinated against influenza.Specifically,55.6%of the elderly“did not know or have not heard of the influenza vaccine”,53.2%of the elderly believed that“the influenza vaccine may not be effective”,67.5%of the elderly believed that“influenza vaccination would have side effects”,and the estimated proportion of side effects was at 17.53%.The results of multivariate analysis of influenza vaccination willingness showed that people who had“general knowledge”(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.209-5.019,P=0.013)and who were“very knowledgeable”(OR=2.885,95%CI:1.112-7.485,P=0.029)were more likely to be vaccinated than those who had not heard of influenza vaccine.Compared with the“estimated proportion of influenza vaccination in people aged 60 and over<20%”group,the“estimated vaccination ratio of 60%to 80%”group(OR=3.478,95%CI=1.555-7.779,P=0.002),and the“estimated vaccination ratio≥80%”group(OR=4.591,95%CI=1.058-19.915,P=0.042)had higher willingness to vaccinate influenza vaccine.The higher the score of satisfaction with personal health,the lower the willingness to be vaccinated against influenza(OR=0.804,95%CI=0.670-0.964,P=0.018).Conclusion The elderly people who have not been vaccinated with influenza vaccine in this area d

关 键 词：流行性感冒 流感疫苗 接种意愿 老年人 

分 类 号：R186.3[医药卫生—流行病学]