我国种子丸粒化研究现状及展望  

Current status and prospects of seed pelleting research in China

作　　者：谢锦 韩立朴[1,2] XIE Jin;HAN Lipu(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省土壤生态学重点实验室/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第4期605-615,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD190090404);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326406D)资助。

摘　　要：种子是农业的“芯片”,在农业现代化进程中发挥重要作用。丸粒化是适应精量播种需要的新型种子处理技术,将填充剂、粘合剂、营养物质、保护剂、生长调节剂、染色剂等物料分层或混合包裹在种子表面,不仅能改变种子形状和大小,还具有保护种子、促进逆境下种子萌发和幼苗生长的作用。从种子萌发到幼苗建植是作物生产周期中最为脆弱的生育阶段,利用种子丸粒化技术促进种子萌发、提升幼苗素质对作物增产具有重要意义。本文综述了种子丸粒化技术的发展过程,种子丸粒化的作用原理、工艺流程及质量检验标准;总结了丸粒化技术在蔬菜和花卉、粮食和经济作物、牧草和绿肥、药用作物、林木的应用现状,明确了各自的研究重点和难点。在此基础上,提出今后的研究需加强跨学科交流协同,利用基因组学、代谢组学等高新技术加强种子休眠和萌发的信号途径研究和信号分子提取,明确丸粒化种子萌发的环境阈值,关注专用型丸粒化物料和特异性丸粒化工艺的研发,建立健全丸粒化种子质量标准,评估种子丸粒化对环境的长期影响,以期为促进我国种子处理技术快速发展提供理论支持。Seeds are the“chips”of agriculture,which plays an important role in agricultural modernization.Pelleting is a novel seed treatment technology that meets the requirements of precision sowing.Covering seeds with fillers,binders,nutrients,protectants,phytoactive promoters,and colors modifies seed shape and size,protects seeds from birds and bugs,and enhances seed germination and seedling growth.Seed germination and seedling establishment are the most vulnerable stages of the crop production cycle.Utilizing seed-pelleting technology to promote seed germination and seedling growth is important for increasing crop yields.This paper provides an overview of the development process of seed pelleting technology,theory,processing procedures,and quality inspection standards involved in seed pelleting.This article also summarizes the application characteristics of pelleting technology in various crops,such as vegetables and flowers,grains and commercial crops,forage and green manure,medicinal crops,and forestry,and highlights the research focus and challenges specific to each crop type.Based on this discussion,future research priorities are proposed.First,it is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary communication and collaboration and use high-tech technologies,such as genomics and metabolomics,to enrich research on the signaling pathways of seed dormancy and germination,the extraction of signal molecules,and the environmental threshold of pelleted seed germination.Second,research should focus on the development of special materials and specific pelleting technology,improvement of the quality inspection standards of pelleting seeds,and evaluation of the long-term impact of seed pelleting on the environment,with the aim of providing theoretical support for the rapid development of seed treatment technology in China.

关 键 词：种子 丸粒化 加工工艺 质量标准 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S351.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]