一种基于电场分布特性的断路器外瓷套绝缘失效诊断方法  

Fault Diagnosis Method for Outer Porcelain Bushing of Circuit Breaker Based on Electric Field Distribution Characteristics

作　　者：汤宗尧 陈昊 纪洁 钟汝莹 何嘉弘 祝艳华 TANG Zongyao;CHEN Hao;JI Jie;ZHONG Ruying;HE Jiahong;ZHU Yanhua(State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Extra-High Voltage Branch Company,Nanjing 211102,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)

机构地区：[1]国网江苏省电力有限公司超高压分公司,南京211102 [2]东南大学电气工程学院,南京210096

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2024年第2期137-146,共10页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:51807028)。

摘　　要：目前断路器在线监测手段无法对断路器外瓷套绝缘失效进行有效的诊断,定期检修无法及时诊断绝缘故障。变电站检修人员在巡视时通过电场测量发现一种电场分布的通用规律,因此,本研究提出一种基于电场分布特性的断路器外瓷套绝缘失效诊断方法。首先分析了断路器合闸状态的机械结构,基于模拟电荷法研究了断路器空间电场的分布特性,提出了电场强度“M”型曲线通用规律并通过仿真及实测验证,然后利用高压实验室对变电站绝缘失效的断路器外瓷套进行加压模拟试验,结合“M”型曲线的特征参数建立特征数据库并诊断断路器绝缘失效类型。研究结果表明,断路器外瓷套内、外绝缘失效会导致空间电场分布出现不同变化,通过捕捉电场特征数据可以有效监测并诊断绝缘失效故障,本研究方法可以为断路器乃至充气套管绝缘设备的绝缘失效问题提供新的诊断思路。The current on-line monitoring method of circuit breaker can't diagnose the insulation failure of outer porcelain bushing of circuit breaker effectively,and periodic maintenance can't diagnose the insulation fault in time.Substation maintenance personnel found a general law of electric field distribution through electric field measurement during patrol.Therefore,the author proposes an insulation failure diagnosis method of outer porcelain bushing of circuit breaker based on electric field distribution characte-ristics.Firstly,the mechanical structure of circuit breaker in the closing state is analyzed,the distribution characteristics of space electric field of circuit breaker are studied based on charge simulation method,and the general law of "M" curve of electric field strength is proposed and verified by simulation and actual measurement.Then,the high-voltage laboratory is used to perform pressure simulation test on the outer porcelain bushing of circuit breaker with insulation failure in substation.Based on the characteristic parameters of "M" curve,the characteristic database is established and the insulation failure types of circuit breakers are diagnosed.Research results show that the internal and external insulation failures of ou-ter porcelain bushing will lead to different changes in the spatial electric field distribution.By capturing the characteristic data of the electric field,the insulation failure can be effectively monitored and diagnosed.The research method in this paper can provide a new diagnosis idea for the insulation failure of the circuit breaker and even the inflatable sleeve insulation equipment.

关 键 词：敞开式断路器 绝缘失效 电场强度 “M”型曲线 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]