饲用高粱分蘖相关性状的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Tiller-related Traits in Forage Sorghum

作　　者：康晨 谭燕 高建明 罗峰 孙守钧 Kang Chen;Tan Yan;Gao Jianming;Luo Feng;Sun Shoujun(College of Agronomy&Resources and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural College,Tianjin,300384)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第8期2663-2672,共10页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：农业农村部“引进国际先进农业科学技术”项目(2016-X09)资助。

摘　　要：分蘖作为饲用高粱的一项重要农艺性状,受基因和环境的共同控制,对饲用高粱的产量和品质有重要影响。为进一步探究饲用高粱分蘖的遗传机制以及分蘖对饲用高粱的形态和产量的影响,本试验以分蘖多的品种‘TS-185’和分蘖少的品种‘忻梁-52’为亲本配置杂交组合,得到F2代,对分蘖数、茎粗、茎节数以及具有形态差异的性状如主茎和分蘖的叶片数、株高、穗长、穗重、茎秆鲜重进行统计,计算不同性状在主茎和分蘖间的相对差异值,并利用主基因-多基因遗传模型进行遗传分析。研究结果表明,株高、叶片数、穗长、穗重、茎秆鲜重在主茎和分蘖之间都存在极显著正相关。分蘖数、主茎和分蘖株高相对差异、穗长相对差异、穗重相对差异4个性状为两对主基因控制加性-显性-上位性混合遗传模型,广义遗传率分别是36.43%、82.71%、63.07%和85.06%,后3个性状能够在后代中稳定遗传,可在育种早代进行选择。茎粗、茎节数、主茎和分蘖叶片数相对差异,茎秆鲜重相对差异在本试验中表现为微效多基因控制的性状,非主基因控制。本研究对饲用高粱分蘖的遗传效应和分蘖对饲用高粱形态学差异的影响具有指导意义。Tillering as an important agronomic trait of forage sorghum,is controlled by genes and environment,and has an important impact on the yield and quality of forage sorghum.In order to further explore the genetic mechanism of forage sorghum tillering and the effect of tillering on the morphology and yield of forage sorghum,this experiment took the variety 'TS-185' with more tillers and the variety 'Xinliang-52' with fewer tillers as the parents configuration crosses combine to obtain the F2generation.The number of tillers,stem thickness,number of stem nodes,and morphological differences such as the leaf number of main stemand tillers,plant height,ear length,ear weight,and stem fresh weight were counted,and the relative difference of different traits between main stem and tiller were calculated,and the use of the main gene-polygene genetic model for genetic analysis.The results showed that plant height,number of leaves,ear length,ear weight,and stalk fresh weight all have extremely significant positive correlations between the main stem and tiller.The four traits,the number of tillers,the relative difference in plant height between main stem and tiller,the relative difference in ear length,and the relative difference in ear weight,are consistent with the B-1 model controlled by two pairs of major genes,that is,the additive-dominant-epistatic mixed inheritance model.The generalized heritability rates are 36.43%,82.71%,63.07%and 85.06%,respectively.The latter three traits can be stably inherited in the offspring and can be selected in the early generation of breeding.The relative difference in stem thickness,number of stem nodes,number of main stem and tiller leaves,and relative difference in stalk fresh weight are shown in this experiment as the traits controlled by minor genes and controlled by non-major genes.This study has guiding significance for the genetic effects of forage sorghum tillers and the influence of tillers on the morphological differences of forage sorghum.

关 键 词：饲用高粱 分蘖 相对差异值 主-多基因分析 主基因遗传率 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]