哈尔滨机场一次极端冻雨天气成因及气候背景分析  

Analysis of the causes and climatic background of an extreme freezing rain event at Harbin airport

作　　者：王天竺 孙超 李裕赫 何佳宇 袁少华 聂语勃 WANG Tianzhu;SUN Chao;LI Yuhe;HE Jiayu;YUAN Shaohua;NIE Yubo(Heilongjiang Branch of Northeast Air Traffic Administration of Civil Aviation of China,Harbin 150078,China;Meteorological Center of Northeast Air Traffic Administration of Civil Aviation of China,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航东北地区空中交通管理局黑龙江分局,黑龙江哈尔滨150078 [2]中国民航东北地区空中交通管理局气象中心,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2024年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目(2022-MS-098)资助。

摘　　要：基于观测资料和ERA5再分析资料,从环流背景、水汽追踪以及气候异常的角度,应用合成分析等方法,研究了2021年11月8日哈尔滨太平国际机场冻雨灾害天气的形成原因。结果表明:此次冻雨天气发生时哈尔滨机场上空温度具有显著的“冷-暖-冷”特点,是典型的“融化机制”。850 hPa低空暖湿东南急流、低空逆温层的稳定维持和地面东北风控制下地表气温偏低2~4℃为此次过程的关键因素。通过拉格朗日轨迹模式(Hysplit),发现影响哈尔滨机场冻雨天气的水汽通道主要有3支,起源于鄂霍兹克海上空850 hPa高度的水汽通道2为此次降水过程的主要水汽通道,日本海为重要水汽源地。此次天气过程发生在双峰型拉尼娜事件气候背景下,高低空环流形势场和地面气压场、温度场较往年同期均表现出一定的异常特征。双峰拉尼娜年表现出低层暖湿气流偏强和地面温度偏低的异常特征,与此次过程相似。Based on the observational data and ERA5 reanalysis data,the causes of the freezing rain disaster weather were studied by composite analysis methods from the perspective of circulation background at Harbin Taiping International Airport on November 8,2021.The results show that the temperature over Harbin Airport during the freezing rain has a significant"cold-warm-cold"characteristic,which is a typical"melting mechanism".The key factors of this process are the stable maintenance of 850 hPa low-level warm and humid southeast jet stream and low-level inversion layer,and the lower surface temperature of 2~4℃under the risk control system of northeast surface.According to the Lagrange trajectory model(Hysplit),it is found that there are three main water vapor channels affecting the freezing rain weather of Harbin Airport.The second water vapor channel originating from the Sea of Okhotsk at the height of 850 hPa is the main water vapor channel during the precipitation process,and the Sea of Japan is the important water vapor source.The weather process occurred under the climate background of bimodal La Nina event,and the circulation field,surface pressure field and temperature field showed some abnormal characteristics compared with the same period in previous years.The bimodal La Nina years show the abnormal characteristics of strong warm and humid air flow and low surface temperature,which is similar to this process.

关 键 词：冻雨天气 环流背景 水汽追踪 拉尼娜 

分 类 号：P458.121[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]