基于标准化降水指数的辽宁省大豆需水关键期干旱大气环流成因分析  

Analysis of the atmospheric circulation causes of drought during the water demand key period of soybean in Liaoning province based on the standardized precipitation index

作　　者：李菲 张淑杰[1] 赵春雨 胡春丽 林蓉 房一禾 LI Fei;ZHANG Shujie;ZHAO Chunyu;HU Chunli;LIN Rong;FANG Yihe(Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Disasters,Shenyang 110166,China;Liaoning Climate Center,Shenyang 110166,China;Key Opening Laboratory for Northeast China Cold Vortex Research,Shenyang 110166,China;Panjin National Climate Observatory,Panjin 124000,China;Liaoning Ecological Meteorological and Satellite Remote Sensing Center,Shenyang 110166,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所/辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]辽宁省气候中心,辽宁沈阳110166 [3]东北冷涡研究重点开放实验室,辽宁沈阳110166 [4]盘锦国家气候观象台,辽宁盘锦124000 [5]辽宁省生态气象和卫星遥感中心,辽宁沈阳110166

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2024年第1期54-62,共9页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2020SYIAEHZ1);辽宁省气象局科学技术研究课题(BA202014);预报预测经费气候业务平台专项(YBQHPTXM(2019)-05)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用1971—2020年辽宁省54个气象站逐日降水量资料及逐日NCEP/NCAR(美国大气科学研究中心和美国国家环境预报中心)再分析资料,计算了辽宁省各站大豆需水关键期(开花期至结荚期)标准化降水指数,分析了大豆需水关键期典型干旱年份及其大气环流成因。结果表明:副热带西风急流位置异常引发的对流层高低空大气环流的不同配置是造成辽宁省大豆需水关键期不同气候特征干旱年的主要大气环流成因。当大豆需水关键期西风急流位置较常年偏北时易发生高温干旱,辽宁省大豆主产区一致受到较大影响,西风急流位置偏北,辽宁省位于高空急流轴南侧、高空辐散风场中心,西太平洋副热带高压位置阶段性异常偏北控制整个辽宁省,对流层风场贯穿高层至低层的下沉气流配合较差的水汽条件是发生高温干旱的主要大气环流成因;当大豆需水关键期西风急流位置偏南时易发生低温干旱,辽宁省大豆主产区中部和北部受影响较大,西风急流位置偏南,季节进程缓慢,西太平洋副热带高压位置较常年持续偏南、偏西,对流层上层垂直上升运动明显,冷空气活动频繁,但对流层中下层一致的下沉运动配合较差的水汽条件不利于降水产生,导致低温和干旱现象的同时发生。Using daily precipitation data from 54 meteorological stations and daily reanalysis data from the NCEP/NCAR(National Center for Atmospheric Research and National Centers for Environmental Prediction in the United States)in Liaoning province from 1971 to 2020,the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)for the water demand key period of soybeans(from flowering to pod-setting phase)was calculated for each station in Liaoning province.The typical drought years and the atmospheric circulation causes during the water demand key period of soybeans were analyzed.The results show that the different configuration of tropospheric circulation in high and low levels caused by the anomaly of subtropical westerly jet is the main cause of the atmospheric circulation in the dry years with different climatic characteristics during the key period of soybean in Liaoning province.When the position of westerly jet in the water demand key period of soybean is more northerly than usual,it is prone to high temperature and drought,and the main soybean producing areas in Liaoning province are affected greatly.The westerly jet is located to the north,and Liaoning province is located to the south of the upper jet axis and the center of the upper divergent wind field.The West Pacific subtropical high is anomalously northward in phase,which controls the whole Liaoning province.The main cause of high temperature and drought is the poor water vapor condition of the downdraft through the tropospheric wind field.Low temperature and drought are easy to occur when the westerly jet is located in the south during the water demand key period of soybean,and the central and northern parts of the main soybean producing areas in Liaoning province are more affected.The position of the westerly jet is southward,and the seasonal process is slow.The position of the Western Pacific subtropical high continues to be southward and west compared with the usual year.The vertical upward movement of the upper troposphere is obvious,and the cold air activity is frequent.

关 键 词：大豆需水关键期 干旱 西风急流 西太平洋副热带高压 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]