高等级生物安全实验室采用循环风问题探讨  

Discussion on whether circulating air can be used in high-level biosafety laboratories

作　　者：王清勤 曹国庆 刘志坚[3] Qingqin Wang;Guoqing Cao;Zhijian Liu(China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China;Jianke Environmental Energy Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100013,China;Department of Power Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]建科环能科技有限公司,北京100013 [3]华北电力大学动力工程系,保定071003

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第7期834-841,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国建筑科学研究院有限公司基金(20220106330730007)资助。

摘　　要：通风空调系统是保障高等级生物安全实验室稳定运行的重要措施,为了避免交叉污染,一般采用全新风空调系统.为了降低能耗和运行费用,很多高等级生物安全实验室采用了变风量运行、热回收装置等节能技术措施,取得了一定的节能效果,但不是很显著.为了进一步实现高等级生物安全实验室的节能运行以降低运行成本,通风空调系统可否采用循环风问题成为实验室设计人员、运行维护人员、使用人员共同关心的话题.近年来,随着一些对室内环境参数有较高恒温要求的高精密仪器设备的应用,循环风问题更加凸显.本文对高等级生物安全实验室采用循环风问题进行了探讨,分析了国内外生物安全实验室相关标准要求、全新风系统的特点与挑战、循环风系统的风险与应对措施、循环风系统生物安全风险管理等,提出高等级生物安全实验室应优先采用全新风系统,当室内工艺设备对周围环境温度有较高要求或者考虑节能运行时,可考虑采用循环风系统,但应对回风进行有效的空气净化处理,同时应加强对循环风系统的生物安全风险管理.The biosafety laboratory is an important venue for conducting biosafety related research such as infectious disease prevention and control,biological invasion,etc.It also provides important safety guarantees for laboratory personnel to prevent pathogen infection and prevent pathogen leakage.According to the degree of biological harm to the object being processed and the protective measures taken,it can be divided into four levels,with the highest level being level four.When carrying out high-risk biological experiments,high-level biosafety laboratories need to ensure the safety and stability of the indoor environment.Ventilation and air conditioning systems are important technical means and safeguards to ensure the stable operation of high-level biosafety laboratories.The ventilation and air conditioning system of a highlevel biosafety laboratory not only ensures the internal air quality and biosafety of the laboratory,but also provides clean and stable environmental conditions to ensure the accuracy and success of the experiment.At the same time,it reduces the risk of leakage and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms and protects the safety of laboratory staff and the environment.In order to avoid cross contamination,ventilation and air conditioning systems generally require the use of fresh air conditioning systems.In order to reduce energy consumption and operating costs,high-level biosafety laboratories in China have adopted energy-saving technology measures such as variable air volume operation and heat recovery devices,which have achieved certain energy-saving effects,but are not very significant.In recent years,the use of circulating air in the ventilation and air conditioning system of high-level biosafety laboratories has become one of the most concerned issues for designers and maintenance managers.With the application of high-precision instruments and equipment with high temperature requirements for the surrounding environment(such as cryomicroscopes)in high-level biosafety laboratories,the issue o

关 键 词：生物安全实验室 全新风 循环风 风险评估 高效空气过滤器 

分 类 号：Q-338[生物学] TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]