2021—2022年广州地区献血人群ABO血型筛查结果分析  

ABO blood group screening results among blood donors in Guangzhou from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：刘旭映[1] 黄伯泉[1] 廖芬芳 李仲平[1] 梁浩坚[1] 杜荣松[1] 谢君谋[1] 黄爱琼[1] 王淏[1] LIU Xuying;HUANG Boquan;LIAO Fenfang;LI Zhongping;LIANG Haojian;DU Rongsong;XIE Junmou;HUANG Aiqiong;WANG Hao(Guangzhou Blood Center,Guangzhou 510095,China)

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心广州市血液安全重点实验室,广东广州510095

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2024年第4期439-443,共5页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023);广州市科技计划项目(2023A03J0996);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20231A011074)。

摘　　要：目的 了解广州地区无偿献血者ABO、RhD血型的分布情况,为保证临床用血安全和更好为献血者服务提供依据。方法 对2021年1月—2022年12月的无偿献血者进行常规ABO、RhD血型检测,统计分析ABO血型构成比,对ABO正反不一致血型、RhD初筛阴性的标本进行血型血清学确证,分析ABO亚型检出情况及漏检原因。结果 2021年1月—2022年12月共筛查献血者标本749 123份,剔除重复献血者后的标本513 291份,其中ABO血型分布为:O型208 126份(40.55%)、A型138 859份(27.05%)、B型130 987份(25.52%)、AB型35 319份(6.88%)。ABO血型初筛正反不一致506份,其中弱/无红细胞反应58份、额外的红细胞反应16份、弱/无血清反应215份、额外的血清反应217份;经血型血清学或分子生物学确认ABO亚型44份,其中A亚型13份、B亚型26份、AB亚型5份;B(A)3份;类孟买血型14份。重复献血者漏检率最高的血型是A_3/B_3类亚型(68.42%)。在513 291份标本中共检出意外抗体阳性128份;RhD血型初筛阴性共2 277份,其中RhD阴性确认2 188份[2 188/513 291(0.43%)],RhD变异型89份[89/513 291(0.02%)],合并检出意外抗体30份[30/2 188(1.37%)]。结论 广州地区献血人群ABO分布O>A>B>AB,RhD阴性人群占比为0.43%,略高于全国汉族人群0.3%~0.4%;ABO血型亚型以B亚型为主;A_3/B_3类亚型的检出率及在常规血型检验中漏检率最高。Objective To investigate the distribution of ABO and RhD blood groups among voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou,in order to ensure clinical blood safety and better serve blood donors.Methods Routine ABO and RhD blood group screening tests were carried out among voluntary blood donors from January 2021 to December 2022.The composition ratio of ABO blood group was statistically analyzed.The samples with discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping and negative RhD blood group samples were further verified by serological test to analyze the ABO subtypes and the reasons for missed detection.Results A total of 749123 blood samples were screened from January 2021 to December 2022,and 513291 samples were collected after excluding repeat blood donors,with the ABO blood groups as 208126(40.55%)of O type,138859(27.05%)of A type,130987(25.52%)of B type and 35319(6.88%)of AB type.The screening results showed discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping in 506 samples,of which 58 were with weak/non-erythrocyte reaction,16 with erythrocyte reaction,215 with weak/non-serum reaction,and 217 with serum reaction.Further serological test indicated that 44 samples were ABO subtypes,among which 13 were subtype A,26 subtype B,5 subtype AB and 3 B(A)and 14 Bombay-like blood group.The blood group with the highest missed detection rate in repeat blood donors were A 3/B 3 subtype(68.42%).A total of 128 unexpected antibody positive samples were detected among 513291 samples A total of 2277 samples were screened negative for RhD blood type,of which 2188 were confirmed to be Rh negative(2188/513291,0.43%),89 were D variants(89/513291,0.02%,)and 30 were detected with unexpected antibodies(30/2188,1.37%).Conclusion The ABO blood group distribution of blood donors in Guangzhou is O>A>B>AB,and the proportion of RhD negative population is 0.43%,slightly highter than 0.3%-0.4%of Han population nationwide.The ABO blood group subtype is dominated by B subtype.The detection rate and missed detection rate of A 3/B 3 subtypes in rou

关 键 词：ABO血型 RHD血型 正反不一致血型 无偿献血者 

分 类 号：R457.11[医药卫生—治疗学]