基于呼吸暖体假人的医院内传染性颗粒物吸入暴露评估  

Assessing inhalation exposure to infectious particles in hospitals using a breathing thermal manikin

作　　者：刘硕[1,2] 刘荔 王怡 郭伟旗[3] 李伊凡 王莹 刘雅琳[1,4] Shuo Liu;Li Liu;Yi Wang;Weiqi Guo;Yifan Li;Ying Wang;Yalin Liu(State Key Laboratory of Green Building,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;College of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Building Services Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Department of Infection Management,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China;Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention,Control and Treatment,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学绿色建筑全国重点实验室,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西安710055 [3]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084 [4]西安建筑科技大学建筑设备科学与工程学院,西安710055 [5]武汉大学中南医院医院感染管理办公室,武汉430071 [6]感染性疾病精准防控与诊治湖北省工程研究中心,武汉430071

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第9期1234-1244,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52178080);西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室开放基金(LSKF202104)资助。

摘　　要：呼吸道暴露是呼吸系统传染病的主要传播途径,呼吸道暴露剂量是评价人员感染风险的关键指标.本文研发了兼具人体热羽流模拟、呼吸模拟及呼吸道仿生功能的呼吸暖体假人,形成了基于呼吸暖体假人的呼吸道暴露定量评价技术.假人表面温度可在57.6 min内稳定于28.9~30.9°C,呼吸模拟器输出流量呈正弦波动,分钟通气量和呼吸频率的调节范围分别为6~20 L/min和10~20 min^(-1).基于呼吸暖体假人测量了置换通风条件下颗粒物粒径为0.63μm时近距离暴露的情况.结果显示:考虑热羽流时,呼吸区颗粒物浓度降低约23%;呼吸区、穿透呼吸道G0级、G4级的浓度分别为环境浓度的4倍、2.7倍、2倍.浓度差异表明,尽管环境浓度与呼吸区浓度及呼吸道浓度存在一定关系,但环境浓度作为间接评价指标,不能准确反映人员感染风险.本文研发的呼吸暖体假人可量化传染性颗粒物吸入暴露评价中的关键暴露数据,为评价人员感染风险及防控传染性颗粒物传播措施的有效性提供技术支撑.Hospitals serve as professional institutions for diagnosing,treating,preventing,and controlling infectious diseases,marked by high population density,a significant influx of individuals,and many pathogenic microorganisms.These factors make hospitals prime locations for the transmission of infectious diseases.In previous outbreaks of respiratory infections,clusters of infections in large hospitals are not uncommon.In addition,many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in hospitals must be performed by doctors or nurses using hand-held instruments,which reduces the linear distance between the doctor’s face and the patient’s face.Inhaling infectious particles in hospitals is the most direct route of exposure to respiratory infections.Accurately measuring respiratory exposure doses is a crucial indicator for assessing the human infection risk.Breathing thermal manikins,simulating the human microenvironment,and accounting for humanenvironment interactions are powerful tools for studying infectious particles inhalation exposure.To overcome the inadequacies of biomimicry in existing breathing thermal manikins,this study develops an advanced breathing thermal manikin system that incorporates human morphological features,heat dissipation simulation,respiratory activity,and respiratory tract geometry.The system performs three fundamental functions:Simulating the human thermal plume,simulating human breathing,and respiratory tract bionic.It serves as a platform for directly measuring exposure doses in the respiratory tract.The reliability of the breathing thermal manikin in simulating the human microenvironment was assessed by measuring surface temperature and respiratory parameters.The results indicated that,within 57.6 min,the manikin’s surface temperature could stabilize between 28.9–30.9°C,while respiratory flow varied with time close to the sinusoidal fluctuating respiratory boundary.Moreover,the system can adjust respiratory minute ventilation(RMV)and breathing frequency(BF)at various metabolic rates,with reg

关 键 词：呼吸暖体假人 呼吸模拟器 呼吸道模型 人体微环境 传染性颗粒物 吸入暴露 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]