我国12城市住宅居室内PM_(2.5)污染特征及影响因素分析  

PM_(2.5) characteristics and influencing factors in residential homes across 12 cities in China

作　　者：刘萌萌 曹赟 张晓彤 张文颖 蒋林霖 杨玉燕 杜航 樊琳 王先良[1] LIU Meng-meng;CAO Yun;ZHANG Xiao-tong;ZHANG Wen-ying;JIANG Lin-lin;YANG Yu-yan;DU Hang;FAN Lin;WANG Xian-liang(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2024年第3期233-239,253,共8页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(21976169);能源基金会项目(G-2210-34226);国家重点研发项目子课题(2022YFC3702800-2)。

摘　　要：目的 了解我国典型城市住宅居室内PM_(2.5)的污染特征及影响因素,为做好居室健康防护提供科学依据。方法采用现况研究,2018年4月—2019年3月,选取12个典型城市共612户家庭,分别于暖季和冷季检测其室内PM_(2.5)浓度、温度和湿度,并通过问卷调查获取家庭居室基本特征。利用配对t检验、单因素方差分析和温湿度校正的协方差分析比较居室内PM_(2.5)浓度差异,采用多因素线性回归分析居室内PM_(2.5)浓度的影响因素。结果 我国12城市家庭居室内PM_(2.5)质量浓度几何均数为54.0μg/m^(3),M(P_(25),P_(75))为53.9(30.6,94.5)μg/m^(3)。51.4%的居室PM_(2.5)超过《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T 18883-2022)中规定的PM_(2.5)的标准限值50μg/m^(3)。冷季居室内PM_(2.5)质量浓度高于暖季(t=-18.14,P<0.001);不同室内采样点之间的PM_(2.5)质量浓度未发现差异(暖季:t=0.56,P=0.578;冷季:t=0.06,P=0.956);经过温湿度校正后,冷季上下风向区间居室内PM_(2.5)浓度存在差异(F=5.94,P=0.015,P′=0.003);不同行政区划间居室内PM_(2.5)浓度差异具有统计学意义(暖季:F=29.13,P<0.001;冷季:F=66.89,P<0.001)。多因素回归分析显示,近五年内装修过、室内种植花草、使用中央空调是居室内PM_(2.5)质量浓度升高的危险因素,OR(95%CI)值分别为5.700(2.564,12.671)、6.212(2.515,15.341)、8.585 (1.969,37.434)。使用空气净化器是保护因素,OR(95%CI)值为0.065(0.027,0.161)。结论 我国典型城市住宅居室的PM_(2.5)污染水平整体较高,且城市间季节和地理分布差异较明显。近五年内装修、使用中央空调是居室内PM_(2.5)浓度偏高的危险因素,使用空气净化器是保护因素。Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))pollution in residential homes in representative cities of China,and to provide a scientific basis for effective indoor health protection measures.Methods Using a cross-sectional research design,from April 2018 to March 2019,a total of 612 homes were selected from 12 repre-sentative cities;indoor PM_(2.5) concentrations,temperature,and humidity were measured during both warm and cold seasons,and the general characteristics of the homes were collected through a questionnaire survey.Indoor PM_(2.5) concentrations were compared using the paired t test,one-way analysis of variance,and covariance analysis with temperature and humidity adjustment.A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine factors influencing indoor PM_(2.5) concentrations.Results The geometric mean of indoor PM_(2.5) mass concentrations across the 12 cities was 54.0μg/m^(3),and the median(P25,P75)was 53.9(30.6,94.5)μg/m^(3).The indoor PM_(2.5) of 51.4%of the surveyed homes exceeded the standard limit for PM_(2.5)(50μg/m^(3))specified in the Standards for Indoor Air Quality(GB/T 18883-2022).The mass concentration of indoor PM_(2.5) in the cold season was higher than that in the warm season(t=-18.14,P<0.001).No differences were found in the PM_(2.5) mass concentration between different indoor sampling points(warm sea-son:t=0.56,P=0.578;cold season:t=0.06,P=0.956).After adjusting for temperature and humidity,there was a significant difference in the indoor PM_(2.5) concentration between upwind and downwind areas in the cold season(F=5.94,P=0.015,P′=0.003).The indoor PM_(2.5) concentration was significantly different for homes in different administrative regions(warm season:F=29.13,P<0.001;cold season:F=66.89,P<0.001).The multivariable regression analysis showed that having a decoration in the past five years,growing houseplants,and the use of central air conditioners were risk factors associated with increased indoor PM_(2.5)

关 键 词：细颗粒物 城市居室 污染特征 影响因素 现况研究 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]