基于多尺度结构与界面工程调控的高储能密度聚合物基电介质复合材料  

High-Energy-Density Dielectric Polymer Composites Based on Multiscale Structure Design and Interface Engineering

作　　者：王轶飞 吴诗丽 汪宏 WANG Yifei;WU Shili;WANG Hong(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院,金属材料强度国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]南方科技大学材料科学与工程系,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第4期1438-1450,共13页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52303349)。

摘　　要：电介质材料是决定电介质电容器储能特性的关键材料。聚合物基复合电介质因综合了聚合物基体和改性填料的独特优势已成为目前极具发展潜力的储能电介质材料。然而,当前高度集成化和小型化的能源动力系统对电介质电容器的储能性能提出了更高的要求,而改善性能的根本在于进一步提升聚合物基复合电介质的储能密度。本工作比较了不同种类聚合物基电介质复合材料的性能特征,总结了其结构特点和设计思路,从多尺度结构和界面工程调控等方面回顾了提升复合电介质储能性能的方法,包括调控填料的微观结构、构建宏观层状结构、纳米涂覆聚合物表面、聚合物分子结构设计等策略。最后,总结了当前聚合物基复合电介质材料面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势。Among various types of energy storage devices,dielectric capacitors show unique advantages such as a high power density and a fast charge/discharge rate.The dielectric material is a key material that affects the energy density of dielectric capacitors.Dielectric capacitors complete the storage and release of energy precisely through the polarization behavior of the dielectrics.To achieve a goal of dielectric capacitors to gradually move towards lightweight,small-sized,and integration,it is necessary to further improve their energy density.Dielectric constant and breakdown field strength are two important factors affecting the energy density of dielectrics.However,improving the dielectric constant and breakdown field strength is still a great challenge.As different types of dielectrics are thoroughly investigated,polymer-based composite dielectrics show a great potential for energy storage because they have a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss of inorganic dielectrics,and a unique flexibility and a superior breakdown resistance of polymers.However,there are some problems with polymer-based composite dielectrics that restrict the further improvement of their energy density.It is necessary for the improvement of the dielectric constant of polymer-based composite dielectrics to add a high content of dielectric constant fillers.However,a high content of fillers is prone to agglomeration.Large polarization differences between fillers and polymer matrix result in an interfacial compatibility issue,leading to an early breakdown in composite dielectrics.It is thus difficult to effectively improve the energy density.The structural design of the fillers and the macrostructural modulation of the dielectric composites are expected to optimize the dielectric properties.The core–shell/coaxial structure of fillers can be designed to alleviate the problem of decreasing breakdown field strength due to the large difference in dielectric properties between polymers and fillers.For instance,cladding the filler surfa

关 键 词：结构设计 界面工程 高储能密度 复合电介质 

分 类 号：TM533[电气工程—电器]