德阳市平原区浅层地下水水化学特征与健康风险评价  

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Plain Zone of Deyang City

作　　者：刘楠 陈盟 高东东 吴勇[4] 王櫹橦 LIU Nan;CHEN Meng;GAO Dong-dong;WU Yong;WANG Xiao-tong(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Security in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Environment and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,桂林541004 [3]四川省生态环境科学研究院,成都610041 [4]成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,成都610059 [5]桂林理工大学地球科学学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第4期2129-2141,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFBA297050);广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD19110046)。

摘　　要：地下水是德阳市的重要供水水源,了解其水化学特征及生态风险状况对可持续发展至关重要.以德阳市平原区为研究对象,采集78个地下水样,分析其水化学特征及其影响因素,运用绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR)进行水化学组分来源解析,并综合运用熵权水质指数(EWQI)和人类健康风险评价模型(HHRA)进行地下水水质及健康风险评价.结果表明,地下水中Ca^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(-)、Mn^(2+)和TFe浓度均值超过国家Ⅲ类水质标准;Na^(+)、K^(+)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、Mn^(2+)和TFe变异系数介于1.11~3.72,含量起伏变化大,局部富集程度高;区内地下水化学类型以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca、HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg、HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg和HCO_(3)-Ca型为主,分别占比33.33%、25.64%、19.23%和14.10%.APCS-MLR模型源解析结果表明,地下水水化学组分主要来源为:水岩作用源(32.87%)、农业活动源(12.75%)、生活污水和工业废水排放源(12.40%)、原生地质环境和水岩作用复合源(9.86%)、农业与工业复合源(9.44%)和未识别源(22.69%).熵权水质指数(EWQI)结果显示,地下水质量Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级占比分别为6.41%和74.36%,达到优良和良好程度;地下水质量为Ⅲ级占比11.54%,质量中等;地下水质量为Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级占比分别为6.41%和1.28%,地下水质量差或极差;影响地下水水质等级的主要指标依次为:TFe>Ca^(2+)>Mn^(2+)>HCO_(3)^(-).HHRA模型结果显示区内潜在非致癌风险较低,均未超过1;与皮肤接触相比,直接摄入是这些指标危害人类的主要途径;在相同环境下儿童比成人暴露更容易受到伤害.整体而言,区内地下水水质状况良好,研究区东南部存在一定的潜在风险,在地下水资源利用中应加强对该地区的地下水资源管理和污染防治.Taking the plain area of Deyang City as the research object,78 groundwater samples were collected to analyze their hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors.The absolute principal component-multiple linear regression model(APCS-MLR)was used to analyze the sources of hydrochemical components,the entropy-weight water quality index(EWQI)was used to evaluate groundwater quality,and the human health risk assessment model(HHRA)was used to evaluate health risk.The results showed that the average concentration values of Ca^(2+),HCO_(3)^(−),Mn^(2+),and TFe in groundwater exceeded the national grade groundwater quality standards of Class III.The variation coefficients of Na^(+),K^(+),Cl^(−),NO_(3)−,Mn^(2+),and TFe ranged from 1.11 to 3.72,with large fluctuations in content and a high degree of local enrichment.The chemical types of groundwater in the area were dominated by HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca,HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg,HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg,and HCO_(3)-Ca,accounting for 33.33%,25.64%,19.23%,and 14.10%,respectively.The source apportionment results of the APCS-MLR model showed that the main sources of hydrochemical components in groundwater were water-rock interaction sources(32.87%),agricultural activities sources(12.75%),domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharge sources(12.40%),the mixed source of primary geological environment and waterrock interaction(9.86%),mixed agricultural and industrial sources(9.44%),and unidentified sources(22.69%).The results of the entropy-weight water quality index(EWQI)showed that the groundwater quality of GradeⅠand GradeⅡaccounted for 6.41%and 74.36%,respectively,which reached the excellent and good degrees.The groundwater quality of GradeⅢaccounted for 11.54%and reached medium degree.The groundwater quality of GradeⅣand GradeⅤaccounted for 6.41%and 1.28%,respectively,indicating poor or extremely poor groundwater quality.The main indexes affecting groundwater quality grade were:TFe>Ca^(2+)>Mn^(2+)>HCO_(3)^(−).The HHRA model results showed that the potential non-ca

关 键 词：浅层地下水 水化学特征 绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR) 熵权水质指数(EWQI) 德阳市平原区 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]