基于区块链的车联网信任管理机制研究  

Study on Trust Management Mechanism of Internet of Vehicles Based on Blockchain

作　　者：李凤云 陈明明 王林 李朋 鞠献银 LI Fengyun;CHEN Mingming;WANG Lin;LI Peng;JU Xianyin(Beijing Key Laboratory of Internet Culture and Digital Dissemination Research,Beijing 110101,China;School of Computer Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;School of Intelligent and Engineering,Shenyang City University,Shenyang 110112,China)

机构地区：[1]网络文化与数字传播北京市重点实验室,北京110101 [2]东北大学计算机科学与工程学院,沈阳110819 [3]沈阳城市学院智能与工程学院,沈阳110112

出　　处：《计算机科学》2024年第4期381-387,共7页Computer Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0114200);网络文化与数字传播北京市重点实验室开放课题(2021021900051)。

摘　　要：随着自动驾驶和智慧交通系统的发展,车联网技术发挥出了更加重要的作用。车联网是一个开放式的访问环境,这使得如何确保消息可靠、车辆可信等问题成为重大安全挑战。基于此,在已有基于区块链信任管理方案的基础上,重新设计车联网信任管理框架,以弥补现有解决方案存在的可扩展差、共识算法效率低等问题。框架主要由消息信任评估、车辆信任更新和信任区块的创建与共识3个模块组成。在消息信任评估模块中,为识别恶意节点的虚假消息,基于车辆实体的直接信任和邻居车辆的间接信任综合评估消息的可信度。在车辆信任更新模块,为有效抑制车辆的恶意行为,根据消息评估结果和车辆的历史行为对车辆信任进行调整。在区块创建与共识模块中,基于事件重要性和区块链的扩展能力,提出了基于重要性证明的优化共识算法。最后,通过仿真实验验证了框架的可用性,对比实验结果表明所提算法在可扩展性和鲁棒性方面均有显著的提升。With the development of autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems,vehicle networking technology is playing an increasingly important role.Due to the open access environment of the Internet of Vehicles,how to ensure the reliability of messages and the credibility of vehicles has become a major security challenge.Building upon existing blockchain-based trust management solutions,there is a need to redesign a trust management framework for vehicular networks to address scalability issues and the inefficiency of consensus algorithms in current solutions.The framework is primarily composed of three modules:message trust evaluation,vehicle trust update,and the creation and consensus of trust blocks.In the message trust evaluation module,to identify false messages from malicious nodes,the credibility of messages is comprehensively assessed based on the direct trust of vehicle entities and the indirect trust from neighboring vehicles.In the vehicle trust update module,to effectively curb malicious behavior,vehicle trust is adjusted based on message evaluation results and the historical behavior of vehicles.In the block creation and consensus module,an optimized consensus algorithm based on proof of importance is proposed,considering event significance and blockchain scalability.Finally,the usability of the framework is verified by simulation experiments,and the comparative experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good results in scalability and robustness.

关 键 词：车联网 信任管理 区块链 共识算法 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]