高铁网络对城市群空间结构的影响机理——基于要素转移与共享的视角  

Impact mechanism of high-speed rail network on spatial structure of urban agglomerations:From the perspective of factor transfer and

作　　者：柯新利 苏超 谢显壮 左成超 Ke Xini;Su Chao;Xie Xianzhuang;Zuo Chengchao(College of Public Administration,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学公共管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第3期369-378,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371277,42371278)资助。

摘　　要：高铁网络对城市群空间结构造成了复杂的影响。一方面,高铁的开通带来的时空压缩效应降低了区域要素流动的成本,带来区域整体经济效率的提高;另一方面,高铁的网络效应会强化中心城镇的区位优势,形成对周边中小城市的“虹吸效应”,扩大城镇发展的不均衡。传统基于地点可达性测度的“土地利用-交通交互作用”理论难以解释高铁网络对城市群空间结构的复杂网络效应。本文从要素流动的视角,基于“转移型”(具备时空排他性,例如资本与劳动力)与“共享型”(无时空排他性,例如信息与技术)两类要素流,解析“高铁网络–要素转移与共享–城市群空间结构”级联作用路径;以武汉城市群为研究案例区,利用互联网位置服务平台提供的人口迁徙等大数据资源识别并测度城镇间要素转移与共享空间特征,综合应用空间交互模型、空间面板回归等方法实证高铁网络对要素转移与共享,以及对城市群空间结构的影响。研究结果表明,高速铁路的发展对武汉城市群经济发展具有异质性影响,高铁的发展促进了劳动力从周边中小城镇向中心城市转移,从而对武汉市经济具有明显的极化作用,对武汉周边城市的经济发展造成了挑战;同时,高铁也促进了信息与技术从中心城市向周边扩散,给地区经济转型带来了机遇。本研究克服了长期以来相关研究多基于单一类型“流数据”造成过度简化城镇间交互作用的缺点,尝试用统一的分析框架来解释高铁网络对城市群空间结构产生的影响。研究结果将为优化城市群空间结构提供政策参考。The high-speed rail network exerts a multifaceted influence on the spatial structure of urban ag-glomerations.While the reduced cost of regional factor flows has the potential to enhance overall economic ef-ficiency,it also reinforces the advantages of central towns,leading to a“siphon effect”on surrounding small and medium-sized cities,exacerbating imbalances in urban development.The conventional“Land-use Trans-portation Interaction”theory,centered on location accessibility,falls short in explaining the intricate network effects of high-speed rail on urban agglomeration spatial structures.This article adopts an approach grounded in the“Space of Flows”paradigm,considering both“transfer”(exclusive of time and space,e.g.,capital and labor)and“sharing”(non-exclusive of time and space,e.g.,information and technology)effects of factor flows.It analyzes the cascading effects of the“high-speed rail network-factor transfer and sharing-urban ag-glomeration spatial structure”.Using Wuhan Urban Agglomeration as a case study,the research employs big spatial data(i.e.,population migration)extracted from network location-based services to identify and measure factor transfer and sharing among cities and towns.Then,a set of spatial models and“What-if”analyses were applied to demonstrate the impact of the high-speed rail network on factor transfer,sharing,and the overall spa-tial structure of the urban agglomeration.The findings reveal a heterogeneous impact of high-speed rail devel-opment on the spatial structure of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration.The high-speed rail development propels labor transfer from surrounding small and medium-sized towns to central cities,creating a discernible polarizing ef-fect on Wuhan’s economy,and presenting challenges to its neighboring cities’economic development.Simul-taneously,high-speed rail facilitates the dissemination of information and technology from central cities to peripheral areas,offering opportunities for regional economic transformation.This study overcom

关 键 词：高铁 要素流动 转移与共享 城市群空间结构 

分 类 号：F532[经济管理—产业经济]