黄泛平原现存十四古城“城-湖风景”的结构体系与营造方法  

Structural System and Construction Method of the Existing“City-Lake Landscape”of 14 Ancient Cities in Yellow River Floodplain

作　　者：仇渊勋 王瑞琦 李雄[1] QIU Yuanxun;WANG Ruiqi;LI Xiong(the School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;the School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第4期118-124,共7页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：【目的】黄河善淤、善决、善徒的水文特性,塑造了黄泛平原古城普遍性的城-湖风景体系,以这类城-湖风景为研究对象,探讨古代水利设施干预水文过程,应对黄河洪涝灾害,进而重塑区域风景的历史经验。【方法】将方志信息挖掘与地理空间分析相结合,研究城-湖风景的形成背景、结构体系与营造方法。【结果】1)分析了城-湖风景的形成背景——即黄泛平原洪涝灾害的根源与特征。2)归纳了城-湖风景的结构体系特征:具有墙、堤、湖、塘、沟的构成要素;呈现外圆内方、城市盆地的空间格局;具备防阻蓄导、兼具产游的功能内涵。3)总结了城-湖风景的营造方法序列——(1)居高傍水,选址定城;(2)顺应水势,围墙筑堤;(3)湖塘渐成,沟渠疏导;(4)逐水而居,四围览胜;(5)湮城为湖,虚实相生。【结论】黄泛平原古城在洪涝灾害与人工水利干预的共同作用下,形成了独特的城-湖风景,其结构体系、营造方法对于当代城市风景的建设、城与水关系的健康发展仍具有重要的参考意义。[Objective]The hydrological characteristics of the Yellow River,which is easy to deposit,break dykes and migrate,have created a unique City–Lake Landscape phenomenon of city surrounding by lake that is commonly seen in the Yellow River Floodplain.The morphological features of such City–Lake Landscape are more regular than and significantly different from those in other regions,with the latter featuring city adjacency to the lake,city separation from the lake,lake embedding in the city,etc.,which is of systematic research value.Taking the City–Lake Landscape in the Yellow River Floodplain as the research object,this research discusses the historical experience of intervening in hydrological process,responding to the Yellow River flood disaster,and accordingly reshaping regional landscape by virtue of ancient lake-based water conservancy facilities.[Methods]Starting from the regional perspective of landscape architecture,this research combines local chronicle information mining with geospatial analysis with a focus on the City–Lake Landscape of 14 ancient cities in the Yellow River Floodplain,including Shangqiu,Xiayi,Yucheng,Suixian,Liaocheng,Caoxian,Chengwu,etc.,and systematically explores the forming background,structure system and construction method of such City–Lake Landscape.[Results]Firstly,the City–Lake Landscape phenomenon in the ancient cities in the Yellow River Floodplain is the result of the combined action of flood disaster and human intervention.The root cause of local flood disaster lies in the hydrological characteristics of the Yellow River,which is easy to deposit,break dykes and migrate,and the characteristics local flood disaster are highlighted in the following three aspects:1)The high sediment concentration gradually elevates the terrain outside the city,giving birth to overground suspended river and basin terrain;2)the suspended river frequently overflows and changes its course,causing damage and flooding to any ancient city flowing through it;3)the basin terrain makes it difficu

关 键 词：风景园林 区域水系统 洪涝适应 结构 风景营造 黄泛平原 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]