水环境影响下明代福建梅花所城海防聚落空间营建  

Space Construction of Meihua Fortress Coastal Defense Settlement in Fujian in Ming Dynasty Under the Influence of Water Environment

作　　者：付嫣然 林志森 李玲秀 沈杨帆 FU Yanran;LIN Zhisen;LI Lingxiu;SHEN Yangfan(the School of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning,Fuzhou University;Fujian Regional Architecture Research Center,Fuzhou University)

机构地区：[1]福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院 [2]福州大学福建地域建筑研究中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第4期133-139,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金“海洋文明视野下的福建明代海防军事聚落文化景观研究”(编号20YJAZH06);福建省大学生创新创业训练计划“水适应性视角下的闽江口海防聚落空间格局研究”(编号S202210386074)。

摘　　要：【目的】明代海防聚落多沿海分布,空间营建既要满足军事防御功能,也要满足御洪、防潮、排涝、取水的需求。研究明代海防聚落的选址与空间布局,有助于乡土地域文化价值的发掘和水环境影响下地域性聚落的保护。【方法】以明代福建梅花所城为例,运用ArcGIS软件和DepthMapX空间句法软件进行量化分析,从人地关系出发,探究在水环境影响下海防聚落的空间营建特征。【结果】发现梅花所城因形就势,居高而建,跨海避河;利用山势、街巷、建筑排涝;筑城设壕,砌筑石屋、石墙,层层防御;合理布设水井,保障梅花所城用水安全。【结论】明代海防聚落基于水环境进行选址与空间布局,建成符合当地防御和发展需求的聚落空间,营建策略兼具御洪、防潮、排涝以及御敌功能,可为海防聚落等历史文化景观的保护和研究提供一定参考,为现代韧性城市建设提供借鉴。[Objective]As a kind of special historical and cultural landscape,coastal defense settlements in Ming Dynasty were often distributed along the coast.Considering the special geographical characteristics of the coast,in addition to meeting the basic functions of military defense,coastal defense settlements should also meet the water environment requirements for flood control and drainage,which may affect their siting and spatial layout.Minjiang River Estuary is the estuary of the capital of Fujian Province,which has important strategic significance in the coastal defense system of Fujian Province.Meihua Fortress is an important military defense post guarding the entrance of Minjiang River Estuary.This research may contribute to the protection and development of coastal settlements including Meihua Fortress,to the exploration of local cultural value.and also to the protection and research of regional settlements under the influence of water environment.It may also expand research perspectives on the protection and utilization of cultural landscape about the relationship between human and environment.[Methods]Taking Meihua Fortress in Fujian in Ming Dynasty as an example,this research conducts a field investigation and integrates the science of human settlement environment with such disciplines as history,military science,hydraulics and geography.Moreover,the research conducts a quantitative analysis by using ArcGIS tools to analyze slope,slope aspects,reclassification and cost distance based on digital elevation model(DEM)data and using DepthMapX software to analyze street characteristic based on space syntax.Starting from the man-land relationship,the research explores the spatial construction characteristics of coastal defense settlements under the influence of water environment in the aspects of enemy resisting,flood control,moisture protection,drainage,and water intaking,so as to supplement and deepen the research on coastal defense settlements.[Results]The results show that Meihua Fortress leans against mountai

关 键 词：韧性城市 文化景观 传统聚落 人地关系 洪涝 选址 空间特征 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU241.5