稻鱼共作头季稻栽植密度及留桩高度对水稻产量的影响  

Effects of First-Season Rice Planting Density and Cutting Height on Rice Yield in Rice-Fish Culture

作　　者：何金旺[1] 陈爱秋 梁成山 HE Jinwang;CHEN Aiqiu;LIANG Chengshan(Sanjiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Sanjiang,Guangxi 545500,China;Sanjiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Station,Sanjiang,Guangxi 545500,China;Fulu Miao Agricultural and Rural Work Station of Sanjiang,Sanjiang,Guangxi 545514,China)

机构地区：[1]三江侗族自治县农业技术推广中心,广西三江545500 [2]三江侗族自治县农业技术推广站,广西三江545500 [3]三江侗族自治县富禄苗族乡农业农村工作站,广西三江545514

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2023年第6期41-48,共8页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：广西2020年“水稻+”绿色轻简高效配套技术协同推广试点项目(桂农技发[2020]11号)。

摘　　要：通过开展稻鱼共作头季稻不同栽植密度及留桩高度小区对比试验,为进一步优化稻鱼共作“优质稻+再生稻”绿色轻简高效配套技术体系提供科学依据。试验设置6个栽植密度(15万~27万穴·hm^(-2))和5个留桩高度(0~30 cm),对头季稻及再生稻进行了观察记载、分析研究。水稻全年产量以种植密度C处理(21万穴·hm^(-2))最高(9628.50 kg·hm^(-2)),B处理(18万穴·hm^(-2))次之(9614.3 kg·hm^(-2)),处理D (24万穴·hm^(-2))再次之(9555.0 kg·hm^(-2));随着留桩高度的增加,再生稻产量随之增加,以留桩高度25 cm处理产量最高(1988.8 kg·hm^(-2))。在水稻产量构成因素中,对产量的贡献自高至低依次为每公顷有效穗数>每穗实粒数>千粒重;随着留桩高度的降低,水稻齐穗期亦相应推迟(2~9 d);在本试验条件下,留桩高度在20 cm以上的3个处理均能正常灌浆结实。稻鱼共作头季稻栽植密度以18万~21万穴·hm^(-2)为适宜;为了确保水稻能安全避过寒露风并获得高产,留桩高度以20~25 cm为适宜。A plot comparative experiment of rice-fish culture under different planting densities and cutting height of the first-season crop was conducted to provide scientific basis for optimizing the green,simple and high-efficient technology system of rice-fish culture"good quality rice+ratooning rice".In the experiment,6 planting densities ranging from 15×10^(4) to 27×10^(4) holes·hm^(-2)and 5 cutting heights ranging from 0 to 30 cm were set up to observe,record and analyze the first-season rice and ratooning rice.The rice sheath blight grew severer and the annual yield of rice in treatment C(21×10^(4) holes·hm^(-2))was the highest(9628.50 kg·hm^(-2)),followed by treatment B(18×10^(4) holes·hm^(-2),9614.3 kg·hm^(-2)),treatment D(24×10^(4) holes·hm^(-2),9555.0 kg·hm^(-2)).The yield of ratooning rice increased with the increase of the cutting height and the cutting height of treatment D(25 cm)was the highest(1988.8 kg·hm^(-2)).Among the yield components of rice,according to the yield contribution to from high to low was effective panicles per hm^(-2)>filled grains per panicle>1000-grain weight;as cutting height decreased,heading stage was delayed accordingly(2~9 d);under the test conditions,rice in the 3 treatments with cutting height higher than 20 cm had normal grain filling and setting.The appropriate first-season rice planting density for rice-fish culture was 18×10^(4)~21×10^(4) holes·hm^(-2);and the suitable cutting height of rice should be kept within 20~25 cm could resist autumn low temperature and obtain high yield.

关 键 词：稻鱼共作 头季稻 栽植密度 留桩高度 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]