由宋明书院看书院赋的官学化倾向  

The Tendency of Officialization of Academy Fu from the Academy in Song and Ming Dynasties

作　　者：蔡凌 CAI Ling(College of Literature,Gui zhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Qiannan College of Science and Technology,Qiannan 550600,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学文学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州黔南科技学院文学与新闻传播学院,贵州黔南550600

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期92-98,共7页Journal of Qinghai Normal University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：贵州省教育科学规划重点项目“宋明时期西南黔地书院赋之理学教育研究”(2022A007);国家社会科学基金重大项目“历代赋论整理研究”(19ZDA249)。

摘　　要：书院赋是以书院的教学内容、自然地理、哲学思想为描写对象的赋作,中国的书院产生于唐末,兴盛于宋,明清时期广泛普及。特别是宋明年间理学体系的建立,促进了书院赋的发展与繁荣。从两宋至明清,随着科举的完备和推行,八股取士、官学私学的发展,书院赋也逐渐呈现出官学化倾向,明清书院赋的多种形态“学堂赋”“辟雍赋”“郡学赋”“讲学赋”“书舍赋”都展示了儒家教育的主体地位与书院赋的道学情怀。通过对宋元明清书院赋的发展状况进行梳理,特别对由宋至明代,书院因科举而理学兴盛的特点进行分析,探究宋代书院赋官学化之思想基础——儒家理学精神的产生,进而对明清书院赋的官学化倾向有较为全面的认知——赋作走向格律化,官学倾向带来的郡学赋的兴盛,最后总结评价宋明以来书院赋官学化的意义与影响。主要从书院赋官学化倾向为立足点,研究书院在宋明时期的特征与新变,通过论述对于赋作的官学化体系有初步的探索。The academy Fu is a kind of Fu which describes the content of the academy,physical geography and philosophy.The Academy of Chinese came into being in the late Tang Dynasty,flourished in the Song Dynasty,and was widely popularized in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Especially the establishment of the neo-confucianism system in the Song and Ming Dynasties promoted the development and prosperity of the Academy Fu.From the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties,with the completion and implementation of the imperial examination,the development of the official schools and the private schools,the Academy Fu gradually showed the tendency of official school,the various forms of Academy Fu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,such as“School Fu”,“Piyong Fu”,“County Fu”,“Lecture Fu”and“School Fu”,all show the main status of Confucian education and the Taoist feelings of Academy Fu.This paper analyzes the development of the Academy Fu in Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,especially the characteristics of the prosperity of neo-confucianism from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty.This paper also probes into the ideological basis of the formalization of the Academy Fu in the Song Dynasty-the birth of the Confucian neo-confucianism spirit,and then has a more comprehensive understanding of the tendency of the Academy Fu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to be formalized.Finally,it summarizes and evaluates the significance and influence of the official school Fu since the Song and Ming dynasties.Based on the official tendency of Fu in the academy,this paper studies the characteristics and new changes of the Academy in the Song and Ming dynasties.

关 键 词：书院赋 学堂赋 官学化 理学教育 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]