木质纤维素预处理技术研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospect of lignocellulose pretreatment technology

作　　者：张瀚文 陈正军 张晨雨 郭凤霞[1] Zhang Hanwen;Chen Zhengjun;Zhang Chenyu;Guo Fengxia(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2024年第4期50-62,共13页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560175);甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019B-074);甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金项目(2017RCZX-25);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA517)。

摘　　要：木质纤维素是自然界中最丰富的可再生资源,可用于生产燃料乙醇、生物柴油等能源产品,也是制备化学品和造纸的主要原料。木质纤维素主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组成,复杂的化学结构限制了其高效利用,故必须对其进行预处理,去除木质素、半纤维素等不可溶物质,从而使其更易被酶水解成可发酵的糖,进而提高木质纤维素的降解转化率。预处理技术可以改变木质纤维原料的内部结构和表面性质,为后续的酶解糖化创造良好条件。从物理、化学、生物、联合处理等4个方面全面综述了不同木质纤维素预处理技术的研究现状,总结了其预处理效果和优缺点,并展望了其未来的研究方向,旨在为木质纤维素生物质降解利用研究提供参考。Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable resource in nature,which can be used to produce energy products such as fuel ethanol and biodiesel,and is also the main raw material for the preparation of chemicals and papermaking.Lignocellulose is mainly composed of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,and its complex chemical structure limits its efficient utilization.Therefore,it must be pretreated to remove insoluble substances such as lignin and hemicellulose,so as to make it easier to be hydrolyzed by enzymes into fermentable sugars,thus improving the degradation and conversion rate of lignocellulose.Pretreatment technology can change the internal structure and surface properties of lignocellulosic materials,creating good conditions for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and saccharification.The research status of different lignocellulose pretreatment technologies is reviewed from four aspects of physics,chemistry,biology and combined treatment.The pretreatment effects,advantages and disadvantages are summarized,and the future research directions are prospected,aiming to provide references for the degradation and utilization of lignocellulose biomass.

关 键 词：木质纤维素 预处理 物理法 化学法 生物法 半纤维素 降解 

分 类 号：TQ352[化学工程]