采用两步炭化法和熔盐模板法制备N、S共掺杂煤基硬炭及共储钠性能  

N,S co-doped coal-based hard carbon prepared by two-step carbonization and a molten salt template method for sodium storage

作　　者：牛慧祝 王海花[1,2,3] 孙立宇 杨晨榕 王雨 曹瑞 杨存国 王洁 舒珂维 NIU Hui-zhu;WANG Hai-hua;SUN Li-yu;YANG Chen-rong;WANG Yu;CAO Rui;YANG Cun-guo;WANG Jie;SHU Ke-wei(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China;Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Performance Materials and Polymers,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China;Xi’an North Huian Chemical Industry Co,Xi’an 710302,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710021 [2]陕西科技大学西安市先端性能材料与高分子创新团队,陕西西安710021 [3]陕西科技大学陕西省工业化学添加剂重点实验室,陕西西安710021 [4]西安北方惠安化学工业有限公司,陕西西安710302

出　　处：《新型炭材料（中英文）》2024年第2期297-307,共11页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21978164、22078189、22105120);陕西省杰出青年科学基金(2021JC-046);陕西省高层次人才专项支持计划;陕西省创新支持计划(2021JZY-001);陕西省重点研发计划项目(20120GY-243);陕西省教育厅专项科研基金(20JK0535).

摘　　要：硬炭因资源丰富、结构稳定及安全性高等优势,已成为钠离子电池常用阳极材料。其中,煤基衍生硬炭受到了广泛的关注。本工作以长焰煤为碳源,硫脲为氮硫源,NaCl为模板,通过两步炭化工艺和杂原子掺杂相结合的方法合成了N和S共掺杂的煤基硬炭(NSPC1200)。两步炭化过程在调节碳微晶结构和扩大层间距方面发挥了重要的作用。N和S的共掺杂调节了炭材料的电子结构,赋予其更多的活性位点;此外,引入NaCl作为模板有助于孔结构的构建,有利于电极和电解质之间的接触,从而实现Na+和电子的有效传输。在协同作用下,样品NSPC1200表现出优异的储钠能力,在20 mA g^(−1)电流密度下呈现314.2 mAh g^(−1)的可逆容量。即使在100 mA g^(−1)下循环200次,仍保持224.4 mAh g^(−1)的比容量。这项工作成功实现了策略性调整煤基炭材料微观结构的目标,最终获得了具有优异的电化学性能的硬炭阳极。Hard carbon,known for its abundant resources,stable structure and high safety,has emerged as the most popular anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Among various sources,coal-derived hard carbon has attracted extensive attention.In this work,N and S co-doped coal-based carbon material(NSPC1200)was synthesized through a combination of two-step carbonization process and heteroatom doping using long-flame coal as a carbon source,thiourea as a nitrogen and sulfur source,and NaCl as a template.The two-step carbonization process played a crucial role in adjusting the structure of carbon microcrystals and expanding the interlayer spacing.The N and S co-doping regulated the electronic structure of carbon materials,endowing more active sites.Additionally,the introduction of NaCl as a template contributed to the construction of pore structure,which facilitates better contact between electrodes and electrolytes,enabling more efficient transport of Na+and electrons.Under the synergistic effect,NSPC1200 exhibited exceptional sodium storage capacity,reaching 314.2 mAh g^(−1) at 20 mA g^(−1).Furthermore,NSPC1200 demonstrated commendable cycling stability,maintaining a capacity of 224.4 mAh g^(−1) even after 200 cycles.This work successfully achieves the strategic tuning of the microstructure of coal-based carbon materials,ultimately obtaining hard carbon anode with excellent electrochemical performance.

关 键 词：硬炭 钠离子电池 煤衍生炭 两步炭化 氮硫共掺杂 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工]