基于工程化设备通过调控纺丝温度提高中间相沥青炭纤维力学和导热性能  

Improving the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers by controlling the temperature in industrial spinning equipment

作　　者：叶高明 石奎 吴晃 黄东 叶崇 欧阳婷 朱世鹏[3] 樊桢[3] 刘洪波 刘金水 YE Gao-ming;SHI Kui;WU Huang;HUANG Dong;YE Chong;OUYANG Ting;ZHU Shi-peng;FAN Zhen;LIU Hong-bo;LIU Jin-shui(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Hunan Province Engineering Research Center for High Performance Pitch-based Carbon Materials,Hunan Toyi Carbon Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410000,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Composite Materials,Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for vehicle body,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,先进炭材料及应用技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410082 [2]湖南东映碳材料科技股份有限公司沥青基高性能碳材料湖南省工程研究中心,湖南长沙410000 [3]航天材料及工艺研究所先进功能复合材料技术重点实验室,北京100076 [4]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计与制造国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《新型炭材料（中英文）》2024年第2期334-344,共11页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52202037、52002104、U21B2067);湖南创新型省份建设专项(2021GK1140);湖南省科技人才托举工程(2022-TJ-N11);长沙市科技计划项目(kq2102005).

摘　　要：基于工程化设备,在恒定挤出量条件下,通过调控纺丝温度制备了中间相沥青炭纤维(MPCFs),探究纺丝温度对MPCFs微观结构、力学和导热性能的影响。结果表明:随着纺丝温度由309升高至320℃,MPCFs的微观结构由石墨片层细小的褶皱劈裂辐射状结构逐步向石墨片层粗大的劈裂辐射状结构转变,拉伸强度由2.16增大到3.23 GPa,热导率由704升高到1078 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)。这主要是因为纺丝温度越高,沥青熔体黏度越小,喷丝口处挤出胀大效应越弱,沥青熔体在喷丝孔流道内形成的微晶取向得以保持,以此制备的炭纤维具有更大的晶体尺寸和更高的微晶取向。Mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers(MPCFs)were prepared using industrial equipment with a constant extrusion rate of pitch while controlling the spinning temperature.The influence of spinning temperature on their microstructures,mechanical properties and thermal conductivities was investigated.SEM images of the fractured surface of MPCFs show that the graphite layers have a radiating structure at all spinning temperatures,but change from the fine-and-folded to the large-and-flat morphology when increasing the spinning temperature from 309 to 320℃.At the same time the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the MPCFs respectively increase from 704 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)and 2.16 GPa at 309 oC to 1078 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1)and 3.23 GPa at 320℃.The lower viscosity and the weaker die-swell effect of mesophase pitch at the outlets of the spinnerets at the higher spinning temperature contribute to the improved orientation of mesophase pitch molecules in the pitch fibers,which improves the crystallite size and orientation of the MPCFs.

关 键 词：中间相沥青 纺丝温度 炭纤维 高热导率 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]