美国城市开发管制方法变迁——从分区制到土地开发权  

Changes in Urban Development Regulation Methods in the United States——From Zoning to Land Development Rights

作　　者：喻海龙 YU Hailong(Law School,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Zigong 643000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学法学院

出　　处：《城市与区域规划研究》2023年第2期151-162,共12页Journal of Urban and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国征收法的体系化研究”(21AFX006);国家社会科学基金一般项目“财产准征收与补偿研究”(17BFX039);基层司法能力研究中心一般项目“土地开发权在我国农地产权改革中的适用”(JCSF2022-11)资助。

摘　　要：美国对城市土地开发进行管制的历史并不悠久,传统上美国人可以在自己的土地上自由地进行开发。直到1916年,美国才开始使用分区制管理城市土地开发。随着分区制在美国的普及,分区制中出现的不适当、不公平、未提供补偿、较为僵化等弊病越来越突出,为了解决分区制的不足,土地开发权转移制度顺势而生,较好地弥补了分区制的不足。到目前为止,土地开发权转移制度已经成为美国管理土地用途的一个重要方法,土地开发权转移制度与分区制配合使用能够更好地规范城市土地开发行为。The United States does not have a long history of regulating urban land development.Traditionally,Americans were free to develop on their land.Zoning was not used to regulate urban land development in the United States until 1916.With the popularity of the zoning system in the United States,its disadvantages,such as inappropriateness,inequity,lack of compensation and rigidity,become increasingly prominent.In order to address the shortcomings of the zoning system,the transfer system of land development rights seized the opportunity and came into being,making up the inadequacies of the zoning system fairly well.So far,the transfer system of land development rights has become an important method for regulating land use in the United States.The combination of land development rights transfer system and zoning system can better regulate urban land development behavior.

关 键 词：土地 绝对财产权理念 分区制 土地开发权转移制度 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] D922.3