喷针开度对冲击式水轮机转轮水力性能影响研究  

Influence of opening on the Pelton turbine runner hydraulic performance

作　　者：李彦浩 刘子实 肖业祥[2,3] 梁权伟 刘洁 王钊宁 LI Yanhao;LIU Zishi;XIAO Yexiang;LIANG Quanwei;LIU Jie;WANG Zhaoning(Shanghai Investigation Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200335,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Dongfang Electric Machinery Co.Ltd,Deyang 618000,China;China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Chengdu 610014,China)

机构地区：[1]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335 [2]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [3]清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京100084 [4]东方电气东方电机有限公司,四川德阳618000 [5]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,成都610014

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2024年第4期73-80,共8页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52279088);上海勘测设计研究院有限公司科研项目资助(2021SD(8)-007);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目资助(SXXZ/0416)。

摘　　要：冲击式水轮机是一种适用于中高水头段水力资源开发的流体机械,在我国西南地区高水头水力资源的开发中有着广阔的应用前景。本文以西藏紫霞水电站冲击式水轮机模型机转轮为研究对象,在5个不同的喷针开度下分别进行了转轮内部三维非定常多相流动数值模拟,分析了喷针开度对转轮水力性能与内部流动特性的的影响。预测结果显示转轮水力效率随开度上升而先上升后下降,在设计开度下水力效率最优。在0.75~1.60倍设计流量区间中,转轮水力效率的变化幅度小于1%。根据3个典型开度下转轮水斗内部非定常流动过程的对比分析,发现大开度工况时,水斗缺口处会发生水膜流的漏流现象,喷针开度越大时的泄漏量也越大,从水斗缺口处的漏流现象是其水力损失加剧的主要流动原因。研究为紫霞水电站230 MW大型冲击式水轮转轮水斗的水力优化设计提供了重要参考。Pelton turbines are suitable for converting the hydropower of medium,high and ultra-high heads,and has broad application prospect for harvesting high head hydropower in Southwest China.In this work,numerical simulations of the three-dimensional multi-phase flow were conducted in a model Pelton turbine designed for the Zixia hydropower plant in Tibet,focusing on its hydraulic performance and internal flow characteristics impacted by a single jet with five different openings.The predicted results show that under the design operating head,the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine reaches the highest under the optimal opening,and lowers as the opening deviates from its optimum.Hydraulic efficiency variation varies gently between the range of 0.75 to 1.60 times of the design discharge,with an efficiency drop less than 1%from the optimum.The comparative analysis of the unsteady flow behaviors in the runner bucket at three different opening conditions reveals the occurrence of leakage discharge at the bucket cutout,which aggravates significantly as the opening exceeds the optimum,accounting for the increase in hydraulic loss.This study provides reference for the design of the Zixia hydropower plant 230 MW large capacity Pelton turbine unit.

关 键 词：冲击式水轮机转轮 喷针开度 水力性能 非定常水膜流 数值分析 

分 类 号：TH312[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]