希夏邦马六十年  

Sixty years of the First Scientific Expedition to the Shisha Pangma

作　　者：吴福元[1,2] WU FuYuan(State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,岩石圈演化国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《岩石学报》2024年第5期1365-1381,共17页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91755000);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察(2019QZKK0808)项目联合资助.

摘　　要：60年前的1964年5月2日,中国登山队10名登山队员成功登顶海拔8027m的希夏邦马峰。作为全球8000m以高的最高峰之一,希夏邦马也是一座完全位于我国境内的山峰。在这次登山过程中,中国科学院组织了希夏邦马峰科学考察,其在地质学方面取得的主要学术成果包括:(1)将区域上变质的岩石归类为希夏邦马群,并将其划分为下部的片麻岩(包括下段粗粒的片麻岩和上段细粒的变粒岩)和上部的片岩两类,相当于现今划分的高喜马拉雅结晶岩系和肉切村群浅变质岩系。同时认为,希夏邦马峰顶的岩石为上述片麻岩;(2)建立了区内显生宙地层系统,分别为上古生界港门穹群、中生界土隆群和雪拉群及新生界野博康加勒群;(3)在5800m营地附近的野博康加勒群下部砂砾岩中发现了高山栎植物化石,并据此提出了喜马拉雅山3Ma以来隆升了约3000m的认识;(4)运用K-Ar法获得的区内淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩的年龄为13~15Ma,而眼球状片麻岩的年龄为19~35Ma,表明希夏邦马形成于非常年轻的中新世。希夏邦马考察及取得的成果对后来我国喜马拉雅山其他地区的考察起到了很好的示范作用。但是,1964年登顶以后,很少再有地质学家对此山峰展开进一步的科学考察与研究。近30年来,珠穆朗玛峰及喜马拉雅地区其他山峰的研究已经基本明确,喜马拉雅由下部的高喜马拉雅深变质岩系和上部未变质的特提斯喜马拉雅沉积岩系构成,两者之间为遭受韧性伸展变形的构造岩系,即藏南拆离系。未来,应着重检查希夏邦马地区变质岩岩石性质、显生宙地层层序及区域构造特征,确定峰顶究竟是变质岩还是淡色花岗岩,并进一步研究含高山栎化石地层的时代及沉积物形成机制等。On May 2,1964,10 members of the Chinese Mountaineering Team successfully arrived at the summit of Mount Shisha Pangma,one of the fourteen highest peaks in the world with an altitude of 8027 meters.During the period of mountaineering,a scientific expedition was organized by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to thoroughly investigate the geology,geomorphology,topography,glaciology and ecology of the mountain area,since the Shisha Pangma is a peak entirely located within China s territory.In terms of geology,the main achievements obtained during this expedition include:(1)classifying the metamorphic rocks in the region as Shisha Pangma Group,which can be subsequently sub-divided into the gneiss unit at lower and the schist unit at upper levels.The above two rock assemblages are comparable to the presently formulated Higher Himalayan crystallines(high-grade metamorphosed)and the Rouqiecun Group(low-grade metamorphosed)in the neighboring areas.The gneiss unit can be further divided into the lower coarse-grained gneiss,including the granitic gneiss with potassium-feldspar phenocryst,and upper fine-grained leptynlite.It was also concluded that the peak is composed of the above-mentioned leptynlite,a kind of fine-grained gneiss;(2)established a Phanerozoic stratigraphic column in the area,including the Upper Paleozoic Gangmenqiong Group,the Mesozoic Tulong Group and Xuela Group,and the Cenozoic Yambughangala Group;(3)discovering a kind of plant fossil of Quercus Semicarpifolia,from the pebbly sandstone of the Lower Yambughangala Group,at the campsite of 5800 meters.It was subsequently proposed that the Himalayas have been uplifted by about 3000 meters during the past 3Ma since it was suggested that this flora lived in the Late Pliocene with a much lower altitude of~2500 meter;(4)obtaining a K-Ar age of 13~15Ma for the leucogranite and pegmatite,whereas that of the augen gneiss is 19~35Ma,indicating that the Shisha Pangma was probably formed in the Miocene.The Shisha Pangma expedition and the obtained achievements played an

关 键 词：60年前 希夏邦马峰 珠穆朗玛峰 喜马拉雅山 造山作用 

分 类 号：P53[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P542.4[天文地球—地质学]