上海市光伏组件生产工人的职业健康状况分析  

Health status of photovoltaic module production workers in Shanghai

作　　者：段志萍 张沁雨 张雪涛 侯强 田雨来 张济明[1] 周志俊[1] DUAN Zhiping;ZHANG Qinyu;ZHANG Xuetao;HOU Qiang;TIAN Yulai;ZHANG Jiming;ZHOU Zhijun(School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Chemical Poisoning Center,Shanghai Occupational Health Institute for Chemical Industry,Shanghai 200041,China;Health Monitoring Center,Shanghai Occupational Health Institute for Chemical Industry,Shanghai 200041,China;Occupational Health Guidance Center,Shanghai Occupational Health Institute for Chemical Industry,Shanghai 200041,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院/教育部公共卫生安全重点实验室,上海200032 [2]上海市化工职业病防治院化学中毒中心,上海200041 [3]上海市化工职业病防治院健康监护中心,上海200041 [4]上海市化工职业病防治院职业健康指导中心,上海200041

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第2期153-159,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科项目(GWVI-11.1-37,GWVI-11.1-41)。

摘　　要：[背景]光伏电池可将太阳能转化为电能,缓解能源供应紧缺困局。上海市光伏产业蓬勃发展,但关于光伏组件生产工人的健康现状报道较少,健康水平尚不清晰,健康风险急需探究。[目的]基于上海市职业健康监护数据,分析光伏组件生产企业工人的健康状况及其与职业的关联,为光伏组件生产工人的健康管理提供方向。[方法]选取2021年于上海市某职业健康体检机构参加健康检查且接触职业危害因素的工龄满1年的2453名光伏组件生产工人为接触组和538名新上岗工人为对照组。健康检查依据GBZ 188—2014《职业健康监护技术规范》实施,收集社会人口学信息、生活习惯及疾病史等信息并开展体格检查和实验室检查。研究比较了两组人群的纯音听阈测试、血常规、心电图、肝功能、肾功能等主要健康指标的状况。血常规指标包括红细胞相关指标、白细胞相关指标和血小板相关指标,肝功能生化指标包括肝脏细胞损伤相关指标、肝脏分泌功能相关指标和肝脏合成功能相关指标。依据工龄四分位数将接触组分为4组,采用趋势性χ^(2)检验进行工龄与健康指标的差异性分析,并采用多因素logistic回归探究工龄的增长与健康指标间的关联。[结果]接触组中男性2035人(83.0%),女性418人(17.0%);年龄中位数(M)及第25、75百分位数(P_(25),P_(75))为34.0(30.0,39.0)岁;工龄为6.0(3.0,10.0)年。健康检查指标中血常规异常率最高,为61.7%,其中血小板相关指标异常率为39.8%;肝脏分泌功能相关指标异常率为48.1%。接触组的肝细胞损伤相关指标异常、脂肪肝以及血小板相关指标异常的风险分别是对照组的1.471倍、1.691倍和7.576倍(OR=1.471,95%CI:1.060~2.054;OR=1.691,95%CI:1.208~2.385;OR=7.576,95%CI:4.967~11.994)。单因素分析结果显示工龄与高血压患病率、心电图异常率、肝脏分泌功能相关指标异常率呈正相关。多因素logis[Background]Photovoltaic(PV)cells can convert solar energy into electricity and alleviate the dilemma of energy supply shortage.Shanghai's PV module industry is booming,but there are few reports on the health status of the workers and there is an urgent need for health risk assessment.[Objective]To evaluate the health status of PV module production workers and the association between work and health status,in order to provide a direction for the health management of the workers.[Methods]Among the PV module production workers who completed prescriptive occupational health examination by a designated medical institution in 2021,2453 workers with more than one year of working age were selected as the exposure group and 538 newly hired workers as the control group.On the basis of the Technical specifications for occupational health surveillance(GBZ 188−2014),the health examination included physical examination and laboratory examination and information such as sociodemographics,living habits,and disease history.We compared the indicators of pure-tone hearing test,blood routine examination,electrocardiogram(ECG),liver function,and kidney function between the two groups.The blood routine results included erythrocyte-related indicators,leukocyte-related indicators,and platelet-related indicators,and the results of liver function included hepatocyte injury indicators,hepatic secretory function indicators,and hepatic synthesis function indicators.The workers were divided into four groups by quartiles of working age.Trend chisquare test was used to analyze differences in health status between the four working age groups.Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between working age and health indicators.[Results]Among the exposure group workers,2035(83.0%)were male and 418(17.0%)were female.The median(P_(25),P_(75))age was 34.0(30.0,39.0)years and the median(P_(25),P_(75))working age was 6.0(3.0,10.0)years.The abnormality rate of blood routine was 61.7%.Among them,the abnormality rates of p

关 键 词：光伏组件 职业健康检查 职业安全与健康 工龄 肝脏分泌功能 血小板指标 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]