深海沉积物中稀土元素的富集成矿作用  

Enrichment and mineralization of rare earth elements in deep-sea sediments

作　　者：付宇 孙晓明 李登峰 李政坤 彭锦洲 黄菲 梁泳嘉 汤雅月 王睿 FU Yu;SUN Xiao-ming;LI Deng-feng;LI Zheng-kun;PENG Jin-zhou;HUANG Fei;LIANG Yong-jia;TANG Ya-yue;WANG Rui(School of Marine Sciences,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Nearshore Engineering,School of Earth Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai Guangdong 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学海洋科学学院,广东省海洋资源与近岸工程重点实验室,中山大学地球科学与工程学院,广东珠海519082

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2024年第1期79-89,共11页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(92262304,42272066,U2244222)。

摘　　要：我国虽是稀土大国,但重稀土仍是十分紧缺的关键金属资源。2011年日本学者Kato等在太平洋深海盆地中发现了大规模富含稀土元素的沉积物,引起世界各国高度重视。深海富稀土沉积物广泛分布于海底,其富集稀土元素尤其是相对富集重稀土元素等关键金属,是继大洋结核结壳、洋中脊热液硫化物、天然气水合物之后一种重要的海洋矿产资源。目前太平洋和印度洋中都证实有大面积富稀土沉积物的存在,我国科学家将深海稀土资源分为4个主要成矿远景区,其中太平洋3个,印度洋1个。富稀土沉积物的矿物组分主要包括生物成因磷灰石(鱼牙和鱼骨)、微结核(铁锰氧化物或氢氧化物)、沸石、黏土矿物等,其中生物磷灰石是最重要的稀土载体。稀土元素直接来源于上覆海水和孔隙水,热液和火山活动可能也有贡献。水深、沉积速率和氧化还原环境等是控制深海稀土元素富集的重要因素,强底流、海底火山和热液活动以及气候事件所导致的陆源输入的变化也会对深海稀土富集产生重要影响。深海稀土成矿作用仍然存在一些尚未解决的科学问题,需进一步加强深海富稀土沉积物成因及超常富集机制等的研究,以丰富和完善深海稀土的成矿模型,为我国在深海稀土富集区的勘探研究与实践提供重要借鉴。Although China is a big country in resource of rare earth elements(REE),its resource of heavy rare earth elements(HREE)is still one of key metals in short supply.In 2011,Japanese scholar Kato and others published an article stating that large amounts of REE-rich sediments were discovered in the deep-sea basin of the Pacific Ocean.This news attracted great attention from countries around the world.Previous researches found that the REE-rich deep-sea sediment widely distributed on the seafloor is a type of strategic mineral resources.It is relatively enriched in key metals of the REE,especially the HREE.It is considered to be one of important marine mineral resources discovered after the ocean nodules and crusts,mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sulfides,and natural gas hydrates.At present,it is confirmd that the REE-rich deep-sea sediment is distributed in some large areas of the Pacific and Indian oceans.Chinese scientists have initially classified four major exploration prospects of the deep-sea REE resource,including three prospects in the Pacific Ocean and one prospect in the Indian Ocean.Mineral components of the REE-rich sediment mainly include biogenic apatite(fish teeth and fish bones),micronodules(iron and manganese oxides or hydroxides),zeolites,clay minerals,etc.,among which the biogenic apatite is considered the most important carrier of the REE.Researches show that the REE was directly sourced from the overlying seawater and pore water of the sediment,but the REE contribution of hydrothermal fluids and volcanic activities to the sediment cannot be excluded.Water depth,sedimentation rate and redox environment are important factors controlling the enrichment of the REE in the deep-sea sediment.Changes of the terrestrial input caused by strong bottom currents,submarine volcanic and hydrothermal activities,and climate events also had important impacts on the enrichment of REE in the deep-sea sediment.Generally speaking,there are still some unsolved scientific problems in researches on the REE mineralization of

关 键 词：深海沉积物 稀土元素 生物磷灰石 微结核 富集规律 成矿作用 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]