基于文献分析中国老年卫生人才学历教育培养现状与问题  

Analysis on the Current Situation and Problems of the Education of Elderly Health Talents in China Based on the Literature

作　　者：张茗语 戚雅卓 卢星彤 郑冰辉 张莹[1] ZHANG Mingyu;QI Yazhuo;LU Xingtong;ZHENG Binghui;ZHANG Ying(School of Public Health,Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116041,China)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁大连116041

出　　处：《医学教育研究与实践》2024年第2期151-157,共7页Medical Education Research and Practice

基　　金：辽宁省社会科学规划基金重点项目(L20ARK001)。

摘　　要：为应对现阶段中国老龄化严重的情况,“十四五”规划提出医养结合的养老服务体系,但现有人才培养体系是否能满足“十四五”规划需求尚不明确。目的明确中国老年卫生与医养服务发展过程中的人力资源问题,探索老年医养结合发展过程中出现的人才培养问题的原因,提出应对老年卫生人才培养与培养的建议和策略,为提高老年医养服务人才质量、促进医养结合服务的高质量发展提供理论基础。方法文献分析法,描述性分析法,访谈法与态势分析法。结果通过分别从我国老年医学、老年康复、老年护理与医学社会工作专业四个层面分别分析了我国老年卫生人才培养的问题,2023年老年医学硕博士招生规模分别达到90.79%和32.89%,其中专业型硕士的规模要好于学术型硕士,共计60所院校,占全国开设老年医学硕士研究生学校数量的86.96%,老年医学的研究方向也比较丰富。老年康复的本科招生中,西医康复183所院校招生且集中在西医类院校,中医康复只有17所,康复医学与理疗学硕士专业以专业型硕士招生为主,共73所院校。2023年护理学专业全国招收4031人,综合类院校、医学院校、师范院校以及其他院校均开设了护理学本科专业,但老年护理研究方向只招收340人,占护理学招生总人数的8.43%,全国招收护理学硕士老年护理方向的院校只有39所。2022年全国招收社会工作本科专业的院校共有321所,但在培养过程中有意将学生培养为医学社会工作人才的院校只有9所,只占全国开设社会工作院校数量的2.80%,共计521人。经半结构化访谈与态势分析后发现医学社会工作专业特色鲜明,且目前社会上的机遇较多,应抓住机会加强学科培养力度。结论目前中国老年卫生人才培养情况不容乐观,主要存在的问题为招生规模过小、学科培养不足、研究方向缺乏学科特点、地域分布呈聚集�In response to the serious aging population in China at this stage,the 14th Five-Year Plan has proposed a pension service system that combines medical care and pension services,but it is unclear whether the existing talent training system can meet the needs of the“14th Five-Year Plan”.Objective To clarify the human resources issues in the development of China’s elderly health and medical service,explore the reasons for the talent training issues that arise in the development of the elderly medical care combined with pension services,and propose suggestions and strategies for improving the quality of talents in elderly medical services and promoting high-quality development of medical care combined with pension services.Methods Document analysis,descriptive analysis,interviews,and trend analysis.Results By analyzing the problems of talent cultivation in elderly health from four levels of geriatric medicine,geriatric rehabilitation,geriatric nursing,and medical social work in China,it is found that in 2023,the enrollment scale of master’s and doctoral students in geriatric medicine has reached 90.79%and 32.89%respectively.Among them,the scale of professional master’s students is better than that of academic master’s students.There are 60 colleges and universities in total,accounting for 86.96%of the number of colleges and universities that offer master’s degree programs in geriatric medicine in China.The research direction of geriatric medicine is also relatively rich.In the undergraduate enrollment of geriatric rehabilitation,there are 183 colleges and universities enrolling in Western medicine rehabilitation,which are concentrated in Western medicine colleges and universities.There are only 17 colleges and universities enrolling in traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation.The master’s program of rehabilitation medicine and physiotherapy mainly enrolls professional master’s students,with a total of 73 colleges and universities.In 2023,there were 4031 students enrolled in nursing majors nationw

关 键 词：学历教育 老年卫生人才 人才培养 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]