植物RNA沉默抗病机制与应用研究进展  

Advances in the mechanisms and applications of RNA silencing in crop protection

作　　者：田文 谌婷 刘清艳 张博森[1] 郭惠珊[1,2] 赵建华 Wen Tian;Ting Chen;Qingyan Liu;Bosen Zhang;Huishan Guo;Jianhua Zhao(State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所,植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,中国科学院生物互作卓越创新中心,北京100049

出　　处：《遗传》2024年第4期266-278,共13页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(编号:2022DB014)。

摘　　要：RNA沉默是真核生物基因表达调控的保守机制,在植物生长发育以及响应生物和非生物胁迫过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。跨界RNA沉默与种间RNA沉默为开发基于RNA沉默的作物病害防控体系提供了理论基础。本文概括了植物RNA沉默保守途径,归纳了RNA沉默在植物-病原互作研究中的代表性研究,阐述了基于RNA沉默开发的宿主诱导基因沉默、喷施诱导基因沉默和微生物诱导基因沉默技术的原理,以及应用研究现状,以期为开发基于RNA沉默的新型作物病害防控技术提供参考。RNA silencing(or RNA interference,RNAi)is a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes,which plays vital roles in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.The discovery of trans-kingdom RNAi and interspecies RNAi provides a theoretical basis for exploiting RNAi-based crop protection strategies.Here,we summarize the canonical RNAi mechanisms in plants and review representative studies associated with plant-pathogen interactions.Meanwhile,we also elaborate upon the principles of host-induced gene silencing,spray-induced gene silencing and microbe-induced gene silencing,and discuss their applications in crop protection,thereby providing help to establish novel RNAi-based crop protection strategies.

关 键 词：RNA沉默 跨界RNA沉默 种间RNA沉默 宿主诱导的基因沉默 喷施诱导的基因沉默 微生物诱导的基因沉默 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]