不同果实生长期亏缺灌溉对渭北苹果生长、品质及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of water deficiency on growth,qualities,and water use efficiency of apple in Weibei area of Shaanxi in different fruit developmental periods

作　　者：赵爽 马子清 李雪薇[1] 李文强 管清美[1] ZHAO Shuang;MA Ziqing;LI Xuewei;LI Wenqiang;GUAN Qingmei(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Liaoning Institute of Pomology,Yingkou,Liaoning 115009,China;Xi’an Fruit Friends Association,Qianxian,Shaanxi 713300,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁营口115009 [3]西安果友协会,陕西乾县713300

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第3期345-352,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1602107,2019YDF1000100)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索节水、控水方式调控苹果水分高效利用效率的机制,优化渭北苹果主产区节水、丰产和增收的管理方式。【方法】以陕西省咸阳市乾县铁佛镇果友协会试验站8年生‘烟富3号/T337’苹果树为试材,设置充分灌溉(灌溉后土壤相对含水量为75%)和轻度亏缺灌溉(灌溉后土壤相对含水量为50%)2个灌水量水平,组成果实生长期和膨大期均充分灌溉(CK)、果实生长期和膨大期均轻度亏缺灌溉(W1)、果实生长期轻度亏缺灌溉和膨大期充分灌溉(W2)及果实生长期充分灌溉和膨大期轻度亏缺灌溉(W3)4个灌溉模式处理,测定春梢生长指标、果实品质指标和果实产量指标,计算水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率、果实综合评价满意度,以明确最佳的亏缺灌溉方式。【结果】(1)苹果新梢长度及叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)在各处理间无显著性差异,而其春梢直径在各处理下显著降低。(2)与CK相比,单果质量在W1处理下显著降低了10.3%,果实可滴定酸含量在W2处理下显著降低14.7%,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量在3种水分亏缺灌溉处理下均无显著变化。(3)W1处理能显著提高果皮黄色值b*,W2处理能显著提高果皮色泽饱和度C*,而各亏缺灌溉处理对果皮亮度值L*和红绿值a*均无显著影响。(4)与CK相比,果实产量在各亏缺灌溉处理下降低13.4%~24.7%,但仅W1处理降幅达显著水平;果树灌溉水利用效率在各亏缺灌溉处理均不同程度提高,但仅W1处理显著提高了38.0%;果树耗水量和水分利用效率在各亏缺灌溉处理下无显著性差异。(4)果实综合评价满意度表现为W2>CK>W3(W1)。【结论】陕西渭北地区苹果在生长期轻度亏缺灌溉和膨大期充分灌溉(W2)模式下果实的综合评价满意度最高,果实产量、单果重无显著变化,而果实品质较优,果树水分利用效率较高。[Objective]The study aims to explore the mechanism of water saving and water control methods to regulate water use efficiency of apple and to optimize the management methods of water saving,high yield,and income-increase in Weibei apple producing area.[Methods]The eight-year-old‘Yanfu 3/T337’apple tree was selected from the experimental station of Xian Fruit Friend Association located at Tiefu town in the Qian County of Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province.Two irrigation levels were arranged:full ir-rigation(relative water content after irrigation was 75%)and slight deficit irrigation(relative water con-tent after irrigation was 50%).There were four irrigation modes:Full irrigation at both fruit growing and expanding stages(CK),light deficit irrigation at both fruit growing and expanding stages(W1),light def-icit irrigation at fruit growing and full irrigation at expanding stages(W2),and full irrigation at fruit growing and light deficit irrigation at expanding stages(W3).In order to determine the best deficit irriga-tion method,spring shoot growth index,fruit quality index,and fruit yield index were determined,and water use efficiency,irrigation water use efficiency,and fruit comprehensive evaluation satisfaction were calculated.[Results](1)There were no significant differences in shoot length and leaf chlorophyll relative content(SPAD)among different irrigation modes,but the diameter of spring shoot was decreased signifi-cantly under deficit irrigation.(2)Compared with CK,the single fruit mass was significantly reduced by 10.3%under W1 treatment,the titrable acid content of fruit was significantly reduced by 14.7%under W2 treatment,and the fruit shape index and soluble solid content were not changed under the three water deficit treatments.(3)W1 treatment significantly increased the peel yellow value b*,and W2 treatment significantly increased the peel color saturation C*,but deficit treatment had no effect on the peel bright-ness value L*and red green value a*.(4)Compared with CK,fruit yield was decreased by 13.

关 键 词：果实生育期 水分亏缺 苹果 品质 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] S607.1[农业科学—园艺学] S661.1