宁夏‘赤霞珠’葡萄不同发育期晚霜冻害阈值试验研究  

Study on the threshold of late frost damage of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grape at different developmental stages in Ningxia

作　　者：梁小娟 张晓煜 杨永娥[1,2] 马梦瑶 张志伟 LIANG Xiaojuan;ZHANG Xiaoyu;YANG Yong'e;MA Mengyao;ZHANG Zhiwei(College of Enology and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorological Disaster Monitoring,Early Warning and Risk Management in Dry Areas,China Meteorological Administration,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Science,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,银川750021 [2]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,银川750002 [3]宁夏气象科学研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第3期460-469,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2022FRD05010);宁夏自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF02014,NXNYYZ202101-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】葡萄霜冻温度阈值是葡萄霜冻监测、预测、评估与防御的基础。对贺兰山东麓主栽酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’不同发育期低温忍耐力进行研究分析,建立葡萄霜冻温度阈值体系,旨为贺兰山东麓地区酿酒葡萄霜冻预测、防御提供理论依据。【方法】于2022年4—5月采用野外霜冻试验箱原位试验方法对贺兰山东麓主栽酿酒葡萄品种‘赤霞珠’不同发育期绒球、芽、新叶、新梢进行低温处理,测定其过冷却点、相对电导率(REC)及半致死温度(LT50),同时对低温胁迫后的受冻指数进行田间跟踪调查,利用受冻率与低温建立关系模型,计算不同发育期轻、中、重度受冻温度阈值。对不同发育期过冷却点、半致死温度(LT50)及霜冻指标温度阈值进行综合分析,确定不同发育期霜冻温度阈值。【结果】不同低温对‘赤霞珠’绒球期、芽开放期、展叶期和新梢生长期的影响程度不同,温度越低,各发育期的受冻率越大;随发育进程推进,‘赤霞珠’过冷却点温度、半致死温度逐渐升高;绒球期的低温耐受性最强,芽开放期、展叶期次之,新梢生长期最弱。【结论】-7.70℃是绒球期重度受冻的起始温度;芽开放期遭受重度霜冻的临界温度为-4.49℃;展叶期在-2.79℃即遭受不可逆伤害;新梢生长期出现-1.62℃以下的低温会造成严重的霜冻。[Objective]Frost temperature thresholds of grape are the basis for frost monitoring,prediction,assessment,and prevention.The study investigated the low-temperature tolerance of the main wine grape‘Cabernet Sauvignon’at different development stages in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain,and further established a system of frost temperature thresholds for wine grapes.The study aimed to provide the basis for frost prediction and prevention of wine grapes in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain.[Methods]We used a field frost chamber to treat the pompom,bud,new leaves,and new shoots of the main wine grape variety‘Cabernet Sauvignon’at different developmental stages under low temperature in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain during the period of April to May 2022.The supercooling point,relative electrical conductivity(REC),and semi-lethal temperature(LT50)were measured.Field survey on frozen ratio under low temperature treatment was carried out.A regression model based on the correlation between frozen ratio and low temperature was set up to calculate the critical temperatures for light,moderate,and severe frost at different development stages of the wine grape.The above mentioned indicators at the temperature of frost were analyzed to determine the frost temperature thresholds at differ-ent development stages of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.[Results]Low temperature had different effects on‘Cabernet Sauvignon’during the pompom,bud opening,leaf spreading,and new shoot growth stages.The lower the temperature,the higher the frost exposure rate in each development stage.The supercoo-ling point and the semi-lethal temperature(LT50)were gradually increased with the development of the wine grapes.Low temperature tolerance in the pompom stage was the strongest and followed in the bud opening and leaf spreading stages.The tolerance of new shoot growth stage was the weakest.[Conclusion]-7.70℃was the turning point for severe frost at the pompom stage,while the critical temperature of bud opening s

关 键 词：‘赤霞珠’葡萄 萌芽期 霜冻温度阈值 过冷却点 半致死温度 原位试验 野外霜冻试验箱 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] S663.1[农业科学—果树学]