酢浆草属12种植物核型分析  

Karyotype analysis of twelve species of Oxalis

作　　者：常健超 陈生煜 林吴白羽 唐小云 翟俊文[1,2] 吴沙沙 CHANG Jianchao;CHEN Shengyu;LIN-WU Baiyu;TANG Xiaoyun;ZHAI Junwen;WU Shasha(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation&Engineering Application Research Center,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福州350002 [2]福建省观赏植物种植资源创新与应用工程技术研究中心,福州350002

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2024年第3期502-510,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：福建农林大学2021年度乡村振兴服务团队项目(11899170151)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了从细胞学角度明确酢浆草属(Oxalis)12种植物核型特征与亲缘关系,探究酢浆草属植物染色体的多样性,进一步为酢浆草种质资源鉴定与杂交育种亲本选择提供参考。【方法】应用根尖压片法对酢浆草属12个物种植物有丝分裂中期的染色体形态、数目及其核型进行观察分析。【结果】(1)7个物种的染色体数目为首次报道,5种已报道物种中,兔耳酢浆草(O.fabaefolia)和黄花酢浆草(O.pes-caprae)染色体数目与前人报道一致,其余3种,与先前报道存在差异,其中2n=26为酢浆草属植物中鲜见报道的染色体数目,共发现7种染色体基数,其中x=13鲜见报道,倍性范围从2x~6x;实际染色体大小范围为0.27~2.23μm,着丝点位置为中部着丝点区(m)和亚中部着丝点区(sm),核型类型共4种,核型不对称系数范围为56.31%~65.40%。(2)12种酢浆草属植物中兔耳酢浆草最为进化,扁平酢浆草(O.compressa)最为原始。(3)根据染色体核型相似性可将酢浆草属12种植物划分为4组。【结论】酢浆草属12个物种具有广泛的核型多样性,核型分类结果与前人形态学分类不完全一致。[Objective]This study aims to identify the karyotypic characteristics and genetic relationships of 12 species of Oxalis from a cytologic view,in order to provide a reference for exploring chromosome diversity of Oxalis,identifying germplasm resources of Oxalis,and selecting parents for cross-breeding.[Methods]The chromosome morphology,number,and karyotype of 12 species of Oxalis plants were observed and analyzed by the root-tip compression method.[Results](1)Chromosome numbers were reported for the first time for 7 species.Of the 5 reported species,O.fabaefolia and O.pes-caprae had chromosome numbers consistent with previous reports,while the remaining 3 differed from previous reports,of which 2n=26 was the rarely reported chromosome number in the genus Oxalis.A total of 7 chromosome bases were found,of which x=13 was rarely reported,and ploidy ranged from 2x to 6x.Actual chromosome sizes ranged from 0.27μm to 2.23μm.The location of the attachment point was the meta-centric(m)and submetacentric(sm)chromosomes.There were 4 karyotype types and the karyotype asymmetry coefficients ranged from 56.31%to 65.40%.(2)O.fabaefolia was the most evolved while O.compressa was the most primitive.(3)According to the similarity of chromosomal karyotypes,the 12 species of Oxalis can be divided into 4 groups.[Conclusion]The 12 species of Oxalis have extensive kary-otypic diversity.Karyotypic classification is not in complete agreement with the morphological classifica-tions of previous reports.

关 键 词：酢浆草属 细胞学 核型 染色体进化 亲缘关系 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学] Q343.22