中国锗矿资源保障程度与潜力评价  

Security and potential assessment of germanium ore resources in China

作　　者：赵汀[1] 刘超[1] 王登红[1] 李德先[1] ZHAO Ting;LIU Chao;WANG Denghong;LI Dexian(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第4期57-68,共12页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“矿产资源国情调查数据集成与动态更新”资助(编号:DD20190613);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“资源安全数字沙盘推演与会商决策系统建设”资助(编号:DD20230565);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“全球矿产资源供需格局与调查布局研究”资助(编号:DD20230123);国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目“数字经济时代的资源环境管理理论与应用”资助(编号:72088101);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目“中国关键金属矿产清单厘定与风险评估”资助(编号:92162321)。

摘　　要：中国的锗资源主要以伴生形式产出,得益于国内庞大的铅锌冶炼产能和煤炭消费的支撑,已成为全球最大的锗生产国。2020年,全球锗总产量为140 t,其中,中国产量为95 t。在储量方面,中国保持全球第二的地位,仅次于美国。锗作为半导体产业中的关键金属之一,其资源保障愈加受到重视。本文科学评估了中国锗矿资源的保障程度与潜力,通过深入调查和分析,掌握了详尽的资源分布、开采利用、成矿作用等信息,总结了中国锗矿的空间分布规律,伴生锗的富含硫化物铅锌矿主要分布于扬子地块边缘和粤北地区,煤中锗矿分布于二连盆地-海拉尔盆地和滇西三江等两大成矿区带。综合成矿地质条件和未来需求预测等因素,评估中国锗矿资源保障程度存在一定忧患,建议加强锗矿床成因和成矿规律研究,促进勘查增储,指出川滇黔、粤北富锗铅锌矿富集区、滇西富锗煤盆地等找矿方向,提高综合利用水平、提升中国锗资源话语权、健全锗资源保护利用与储备体系。本文研究结果为锗矿资源的管理与开发提供了重要参考,对于保障国家锗资源供应、提升资源利用效率具有重要意义。Germanium resources are mainly produced in the form of associated products in China.Thanks to huge lead and zinc smelting capacity and the support of coal consumption in China,it has become the largest germanium producer in the world.In 2020,the total global germanium production was 140 tons,of which production was 95 tons in China.In terms of reserves,China remains the second largest country in the world,second only to the United States.As one of the key metals in the semiconductor industry,resource security of germanium has received increasing attention.This paper scientifically evaluates the guarantee level and potential of germanium ore resources in China.Through in-depth investigation and analysis,it masters detailed resource distribution,mining and utilization,mineralization and other information,summarizes the spatial distribution rules of germanium ores,and the abundance of associated germanium in China.Sulfide-containing lead-zinc deposits are mainly distributed in the margins of the Yangtze Massif and Northern Guangdong.Coal-containing germanium deposits are distributed in the Erlian Basin-Hailaer Basin and Sanjiang in Western Yunnan.Taking into account factors such as mineralization geological conditions and future demand forecasts,there are certain concerns in assessing the degree of security of germanium resources in China.It is recommended to strengthen research on the origin and mineralization laws of germanium deposits and promote exploration to increase reserves.It is pointed out that Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou and Northern Guangdong are rich in germanium,lead and zinc.Prospecting directions such as enrichment areas and germanium-rich coal basins in Western Yunnan should improve the level of comprehensive utilization,enhance China’s say in germanium resources,and improve the protection,utilization and reserve system of germanium resources.The research results of this paper provide an important reference for the management and development of germanium ore resources,and is of great significance for e

关 键 词：锗矿 资源安全 锗金属 锗矿床 稀散矿产 

分 类 号：TD-0[矿业工程] F407.1[经济管理—产业经济] F416.1