膨胀性软破岩层深竖井施工分级支护研究  

Research on grading support of deep shaft construction in expansive soft broken rock strata

作　　者：林健华 黄敏 温晨 饶帝军 LIN Jianhua;HUANG Min;WEN Chen;RAO Dijun(Serbia Zijin Mining Co.,Ltd.,Bor 19204,Serbia;Zijin(Changsha)Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410000,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghang 364200,China)

机构地区：[1]塞尔维亚紫金矿业有限公司,塞尔维亚博尔19204 [2]紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司,湖南长沙410000 [3]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州341000 [4]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建上杭364200

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第4期201-208,共8页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(编号:51804079);福建省自然科学基金项目资助(编号:2019J05039);国家安全生产监督管理总局安全生产重大事故防治技术科技项目资助(编号:hunan-0010-2014AQ)。

摘　　要：境外某铜金矿千米深竖井在通过膨胀性软破岩层(泥灰岩)时,围岩遇水膨胀压力极大,先后出现两次井壁垮塌和开裂的情况,对施工进度及施工人员安全产生极大影响。为解决该问题,查找相关文献资料及国内外类似施工案例,对通过膨胀性软破岩层的井壁破裂机理进行分析,针对性地制定井壁破裂修复方案;在此基础上,进一步调查施工地点的工程地质和水文地质情况,通过分析与总结,提出深竖井不良岩层的施工及分级支护方案,对其所穿过的膨胀性软破岩层的围岩制定分级表,根据不同岩体等级分别提出相应的施工及具体支护方案。通过对两次破裂处井壁的修复,较长时间内未出现裂缝及漏水现象,修复效果良好,达到预期;此外,竖井井筒后续施工中在采用分级支护方案后,井筒顺利通过厚度超过500 m的不良岩层,且在工期、质量、安全三个方面都取得良好效果,保障该深竖井工程的施工质量与施工安全。该工程为膨胀性软破岩层中的深竖井掘进施工积累了宝贵经验,对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。When a kilometer-deep shaft through expansive soft broken rock strata in an overseas copper-gold mine,the surrounding rock has a great expansion pressure in water,and there have been two cases of wellbore collapse and cracking,which has a great impact on the construction progress and the safety of construction workers.To address this issue,the related literature and similar construction cases at home and abroad are searched, the fracture mechanism of wellbore through expansive soft broken rock strata is analyzed, and the repair scheme of wellbore fracture is formulated. On this basis, the engineering geology and hydrogeology of the construction site are further investigated. Through analysis and summary, the construction and grading support scheme of deep shaft in bad rock strata is put forward. The grading table of the surrounding rock of the expansive soft broken rock strata through which the shaft passed is formulated, and the corresponding construction and specific support scheme is put forward according to different rock mass grades. Through the repair of the two fractures, there are no cracks and water leakage for a long time, and the repair effect is good to reach the expectation;on the other hand, after the subsequent construction of the shaft using the hierarchical support scheme, the shaft smoothly passed through the bad rock strata with a thickness of more than 500 m, and achieved good results in terms of construction period, quality and safety, ensuring the construction quality and safety of the deep shaft engineering. The project has accumulated valuable experience for the deep shaft tunneling construction in the expansive soft rock, and has certain reference significance for similar projects.

关 键 词：膨胀性软破岩层 井壁修复 深竖井 分级支护 超前管棚 锚喷支护 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]