493例采血不足量的影响因素和发生原因分析  

Analysis of influencing factors and causes for insufficient blood collection in 493 cases

作　　者：岳红 毕岐勇[1] 陈霄[1] 江峰[1] 陈健 Yue Hong;Bi Qiyong;Chen Xiao;Jiang Feng;Chen Jian(Department of Blood Donation Serving Section 1,Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市红十字血液中心献血服务一科,100088 [2]空军特色医学中心全科医学科

出　　处：《北京医学》2024年第2期164-167,共4页Beijing Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的 探讨采血不足量的影响因素和发生原因。方法 选取2022年1—12月北京市红十字血液中心全血无偿献血者171 404人次,根据采血是否足量分为采血足量组(170 911人次)和采血不足量组(493人次)。采用多因素logistic回归分析采血不足量的影响因素,并分析其发生原因。结果 171 404人次全血无偿献血者中,男115 126人次,女56 278人次,年龄18~60岁,平均(34.9±5.1)岁;其中采血不足量493人次,发生率为0.3%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.366,95%CI:1.094~1.705,P=0.006)、年龄越低(OR=1.397,95%CI:1.106~1.764,P=0.005)、预采血量越多(OR=1.848,95%CI:1.396~2.448,P<0.001)、采血护士工作年限越短(OR=1.909,95%CI:1.508~2.417,P<0.001),采血不足量发生概率越高。血流不畅(77.1%,380/493)和血管迷走神经反应(20.3%,100/493)是采血不足量发生的主要原因。结论 采血过程中需更加关注女性、年轻人、预采血量为400 ml的献血者,同时加强对低年资采血护士专业技能培训,减少血流不畅和血管迷走神经反应的发生,降低采血不足量发生率。Objective To explore the influencing factors and causes of insufficient blood collection.Methods A total of 17404 person-times whole blood donors in Beijing Red Cross Blood Center from January to December 2022 were selected,and were divided into sufficient blood collection group(170911 person-times)and insufficient blood collection group(493 person-times)according to whether the blood collection was sufficient or not.The influencing factors was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression,and causes of insufficient blood collection was analyzed.Results Among 17404 person-times whole blood donors,there were 115126 males and 56278 females,aged from 18 to 60 years,with an average of(34.9±5.1)years;insufficient blood collection was 493 person-times,the incidence was 0.3%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the female(OR=1.366,95%CI:1.094-1.705,P=0.006),the younger age(OR=1.397,95%CI:1.106-1.764,P=0.005),the more pre-collection blood volume(OR=1.848,95%CI:1.396-2.448,P<0.001),the shorter working years of blood collection(OR=1.909,95%CI:1.508-2.417,P<0.001)were related to high probability of insufficient blood collection.Poor blood flow(77.1%,380/493)and vasovagal reaction(20.3%,100/493)were the main causes of insufficient blood collection.Conclusions During the blood collection process,more attention should be paid to women donors,young donors and donors with a pre-blood collection volume of 400 ml.At the same time,professional skills training for junior blood collection nurses should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of poor blood flow and vasovagal reaction and reduce the incidence of insufficient blood collection.

关 键 词：采血不足量 影响因素 发生原因 

分 类 号：R457[医药卫生—治疗学]