生物质颗粒燃料的挥发性有机物排放特征  

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds emissions from indoor burning of biomass pellets

作　　者：黄天耀 罗智瀚 黄文璇 门亚泰 秦李帆 程和发 沈国锋[1] HUANG Tian-yao;LUO Zhi-han;HUANG Wen-xuan;MEN Ya-tai;QIN Li-fan;CHENG He-fa;SHEN Guo-feng(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第4期1912-1920,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院“美丽中国”先导专项(XDA23010100);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42077328)。

摘　　要：在中国北方某农村地区开展了民用生物质颗粒的VOCs排放实地测试,对比研究了不同类型燃料与炉灶使用场景的VOCs排放特征.基于吸附管采样,气质联用定量的结果表明,民用取暖炉中生物质颗粒燃烧的ΣVOC排放因子在48.5~684.5mg/kg,其中芳烃类占总排放的37.0%~85.8%,其次是卤代烃类,占14.2%~63.0%.苯和甲苯是组成丰度最高的组分,其次是二氯甲烷和苯乙烯等物质.基于PID检测器获得的TVOCs实时排放曲线与CO释放动态过程具有一定的同步性.燃料类型与燃烧场景对TVOCs排放有显著影响.点燃与剧烈燃烧阶段排放的VOCs占总排放的53.0%~71.2%,而阴燃阶段的TVOCs排放显著低于其他阶段.燃烧效率与TVOCs浓度间没有显著的统计学相关性(P>0.05).PID法与GC-MS法定量获得的排放因子有显著的正相关关系,但二者定量数值具有显著的差异.GC-MS定量组分仅占总排放因子的4%以内.明晰生物质颗粒燃烧的VOCs排放特征和影响有助于进一步完善排放清单,降低不确定性.This study conducted a series of field-based emission tests on volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from residential burning of biomass pellets in rural northern China.Characteristics of VOCs for two different pellets were compared and discussed.The results of GC-MS analysis showed that the emission factor of total VOCs(TVOCs)ranged from 48.5 to 684.5mg/kg,with the aromatic hydrocarbons accounting for 37.0%~85.8% of the total,followed by the halogenated hydrocarbons at 14.2%~63.0%.Benzene and toluene were two predominant species,followed by methylene chloride and styrene.The real-time emission dynamic,by using the PID sensor instrument,showed similar releasing trends in the TVOCs and CO.Fuel type and stove use circumstances had obviously different VOCs emission performance.53.0%~71.2% of the total VOCs were emitted during the ignition phase and flaming phase,while the VOCs levels were much lower during the smoldering phase.TVOCs formation was statistically not correlated with the combustion efficiency change during the burning period(P>0.05).The emission factors being calculated from the PID instrument and the GC-MS technology correlated with each other;however,there were significant differences in the values from these two methods.Components quantitatively detected by the GC-MS technology only accounted for 4% of the total VOCs mass from the PID instrument analysis.Clarifying emission characteristics and impacts of VOCs from biomass pellet combustion would improve the inventory of VOCs with lower uncertainties.

关 键 词：挥发性有机污染物 生物质颗粒燃料 排放因子 谱分布特征 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]