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作 者:王珊[1] 曹玉林 吴迪 屈姣 余娅丽 李秋柏 WANG Shan;CAO Yulin;WU Di;QU Jiao;YU Yali;LI Qiubai(Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430000,China)
机构地区:[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院,武汉430000
出 处:《中国生物工程杂志》2024年第2期134-141,共8页China Biotechnology
基 金:十四五国家重点研发计划“干细胞研究与器官修复”重点专项(2021YFA1101500);湖北省自然科学基金(2022CFA019)资助项目。
摘 要:细胞外囊泡是细胞释放的具有磷脂双层膜结构的天然纳米颗粒,参与体内细胞信号转导、肿瘤发生发展、免疫调节、延缓衰老等多种生理病理过程,在疾病诊断及治疗中表现出巨大潜力。既往研究认为,高纯度细胞外囊泡的制备易受杂质蛋白污染,制约了细胞外囊泡在生物标志物和药物运载系统方面的研究及转化应用。近两年,部分学者将合成纳米颗粒领域的蛋白冠这一概念引入细胞外囊泡领域,认为蛋白冠是细胞外囊泡表面的固有成分,并显著影响细胞外囊泡的生物学功能,为细胞外囊泡研究提供了新思路。概述了当前细胞外囊泡表面蛋白冠的研究现状,围绕该蛋白冠的形成过程、化学组成、生物功能、鉴定方法等展开,以期为细胞外囊泡及其蛋白冠的进一步研究提供参考。Extracellular vesicles are natural nanoparticles with a phospholipid bilayer membrane structure released by cells.They play a vital role in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell signaling,tumor development,immune regulation,and rejuvenation during aging.They have immense potential in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.Previous research has shown that the preparation of extracellular vesicles is prone to protein contamination,which limits their research and translational applications in biomarkers and drug delivery.In recent years,some scholars have introduced the concept of“protein corona”to the field of extracellular vesicles,which is proven to be an important structure for synthetic nanoparticles.They propose that the protein corona is an intrinsic component of the extracellular vesicle and significantly influences its biological functionality.This challenges the traditional view of protein contamination and leads to a paradigm shift in extracellular vesicle research.This review provides an overview of the current state of research on the protein corona on the surface of extracellular vesicles.It covers aspects such as the formation process,chemical composition,biological functions,and identification methods of this protein corona.This review may serve as a reference for the further study of extracellular vesicles and their protein corona.
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