氟表面活性剂的合成及油田应用的最新进展(续完)  

Recent progress in synthesis and oilfield applications of fluorinated surfactants

作　　者：肖进新[1] XIAO Jin-xin(Beijing FLUOBON Surfactant Institute,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京氟乐邦表面活性剂技术研究所,北京100096

出　　处：《日用化学品科学》2024年第4期11-19,共9页Detergent & Cosmetics

摘　　要：1.5 gemini型氟表面活性剂.gemini表面活性剂因其独特的化学结构而广受关注。传统表面活性剂为单头单尾,而gemini表面活性剂则是双头双尾,头基间通过间隔基连结。gemini表面活性剂的物理化学性质包括较低的cmc和高于单体(常规)表面活性剂的表面性能。为寻找长碳氟链氟表面活性剂的替代品,Du等合成了一系列含有全氟醚链的gemini表面活性剂,并对其表面张力进行了研究。采用酰胺化反应和季铵化反应两步合成了gemini表面活性剂。在第1步中,N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺分别与氟化酯或酰氟反应生成氟化酰胺中间体。第2步,该中间体与二溴化物反应,通过季铵化得到gemini表面活性剂(图17)[46]。It is of great importance to select appropriate chemicals and synthetic methods in oilfield applications.In this review,various synthetic routes for preparation of fluorinated surfactants were described and their oilfield applications were highlighted.Fluorinated surfactants are a special type of surfactants whose hydrophobic tails are either partially fluorinated or totally replaced with fluorine atoms.Compared with corresponding hydrocarbon surfactants,fluorinated surfactants have distinct properties such as lower surface tension,better efficiency in lowering the interfacial tension,with the fluorocarbon chain being both oleophobic and hydrophobic and exhibiting high thermal stability and better chemical durability.These properties make them ideal materials in many applications,including firefighting,household items,foaming,coating,paints,etc.Despite these attractive properties,environmental concerns associated with fluorinated surfactants have greatly restricted their application.Herein,the synthetic routes for different classes of fluorinated surfactants such as cationic,anionic,nonionic,and zwitterionic ones were discussed.The fundamental surface/interfacial activities of the synthesized surfactants were described.In addition,the applications of fluorinated surfactants in the oil&gas industry were highlighted.

关 键 词：氟表面活性剂 全氟 表面张力 物理化学性质 表面性能 替代品 油田应用 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程] TE357.46[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]