国际体系转型中缓冲国的双重地缘作用探究  

An Exploration of the Dual-geopolitical Roles of Buffer States in the Transformation of the International System

作　　者：杨飞 YANG Fei(Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2024年第3期1-15,共15页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2022年度重大招标项目“大国兴衰的历史逻辑、规律与国际秩序演进研究”(22VLS015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：缓冲国和被缓冲国(“两强夹一弱”)共同构成一个特殊的地缘安全结构,其中缓冲国既被视为维持大国和平的和平区,又被认为是加剧大国冲突的竞技场,关于其地缘作用学界始终存在非此即彼的分歧与争论。本研究选取国际体系转型中(从维也纳体系到雅尔塔体系,1871—1945年)的三个缓冲国:阿富汗(英俄博弈,1873—1917年)、暹罗(英法博弈,1896—1918年)和波兰(苏德博弈,1918—1945年),系统探究国际体系转型不同阶段、不同地区缓冲国地缘作用的动态变化。研究发现缓冲国具有维持大国和平与加剧大国冲突的双重地缘作用,其地缘作用随着地缘身份在和平区、竞技场、势力范围和战略纵深之间的变化而变化。“缓冲国”作为一个历史概念,存在一定的“历史包袱”,但其反映出的“缓冲思维”对管控大国冲突具有积极作用。本研究为中国借鉴历史经验,努力塑造时空维度的战略缓冲,为管控大国战略竞争提供一定的参考。The buffer states and the buffered states(one weak between two strong powers)constitute a spe-cial regional security structure.The buffer states are regarded as the peace zone to maintain the peace be-tween great powers and they are also seen as the arena of aggravating great power conflicts.This situation al-ways triggers disagreements and debates about their geopolitical roles in academic circles.This study selects three buffer states in the transformation of the international system(from the Vienna System to the Yalta System,1871-1845):Afghanistan(Anglo-Russian game,1873-1917),Siam(Anglo-French game,1896-1918)and Poland(Soviet-German game,1918-1945),exploring the dynamic changes of the geo-political roles of the buffer states in different stages and regions.This study finds that the buffer states have dual geopolitical roles of maintaining peace between great powers and exacerbating their conflicts,while their geopolitical roles vary with the change of their geopolitical identities among peace zones,arenas,spheres of influence,and strategic depth.The buffer state has been seen as a historical concept of reflecting a certain historical burden,while its inherent buffer thinking has positive values in managing conflicts be-tween great powers.This study draws on historical experience for China to strive to shape a strategic buffer in the space-time dimension,and provides certain reference.

关 键 词：国际体系转型 缓冲国 大国和平 大国冲突 地缘作用 

分 类 号：D819[政治法律—国际关系]