基于特征脂肪酸和稳定同位素技术的新疆长身高原鳅摄食习性研究  

Feeding habits of Triplophysa tenuis in Xinjiang based on fatty acid and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis

作　　者：张丽蓉 郝慧敏 聂竹兰[1,2,3] 魏杰 张蝶燕[4] ZHANG Lirong;HAO Huimin;NIE Zhulan;WEI Jie;ZHANG Dieyan(School of Life Science and Technology,Tarim University,Aral City 843300,China;State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for The Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Co-funded by Xinjiang Corps and The Ministry of Science and Technology,Aral City 843300,China;Tarim Rare Fish Research Center,Aral City 843300,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of The First Division,Xinjiang Production&Construction,Aral City 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [2]省部共建塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用国家重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木珍稀鱼类研究中心,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业技术推广站,新疆维吾尔自治区阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第2期92-101,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(31860729);塔里木大学校长基金创新研究团队项目“南疆裂腹鱼类种质资源与遗传育种创新研究团队”(TDZKCX202204);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk150403)。

摘　　要：长身高原鳅(Triplophysa tenuis)对维持木扎提河的水生态系统物质和能量流动具有重要作用。文章基于脂肪酸生物标记法和碳、氮稳定同位素(δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N)技术研究了长身高原鳅的食性和营养生态位特征。结果显示,其肌肉中共检测出22种脂肪酸,其中有8种饱和脂肪酸、6种单不饱和脂肪酸、8种多不饱和脂肪酸;由特征脂肪酸组成情况推测,长身高原鳅对浮游动物、硅藻、陆地植物或喜摄食硅藻的鱼虾均有摄食,表现为杂食性。长身高原鳅的δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N分别介于-27.09‰~-20.98‰和5.71‰~8.45‰,营养级介于2.68~3.48。雌雄样本间的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N和营养级均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);雄性样本核心生态位(Standard ellipse area,SEAc)和总生态位(Total area of convex hull,TA)均高于雌性。δ^(13)C与体长间表现为极显著正相关性(P<0.01),δ^(15)N和营养级与体长间不具有显著相关性。70~80 mm体长组与90 mm以上体长组SEAc面积不存在重叠且在聚类分析中被分为不同组。综上,长身高原鳅的食性为杂食性且食物组成随体长变化而不同,作为营养级偏高的捕食者,长身高原鳅能延长食物链长度,增加食物网复杂性,有利于维持水域生态系统的稳定性。Triplophysa tenuis plays an important role in maintaining the flow of material and energy in aquatic ecosystem.In this study,we applied fatty acid biomarker method and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technique to study the feeding and nutritional ecological niche characteristics of T.tenuis.The results show that a total of 22 fatty acids were detected in the muscle,including eight kinds of saturated fatty acids(SFA),six kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and eight kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).The specific fatty acid analysis reveals that T.tenuis feeds on zooplankton,diatoms,land plants,or fish and shrimps that like to feed on diatoms.The carbon stable isotope(δ^(13)C)values and nitrogen stable isotope(δ^(15)N)values ranged from -27.09‰ to -20.98‰ and from 5.71‰ to 8.45‰,while trophic levels ranged from 2.68 to 3.48.There were no significant differences between males and females(P>0.05)in δ^(13)C value,δ^(15)N value or trophic level.Males had higher standard ellipse area(SEAc)and total area of convex hull(TA)than females.There were significant changes in δ^(13)C values with increasing body length(P<0.01),and insignificant changes in δ^(15)N values and trophic level.The SEAc areas of 70-80 mm body length group did not overlap with those of greater than 90 mm body length group,and were categorized into different groups in the cluster analysis.In conclusion,T.tenuis is omnivorous and its food composition varies with body length As a predator with high trophic level,it can extend the food length chain length and increase the complexity of food web,which is conducive to the maintenance of stability of aquatic ecosystem.

关 键 词：长身高原鳅 脂肪酸 δ^(13)C δ^(15)N 食性 生态位 营养级 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]