电动汽车用永磁同步电机失磁机理与选区渗重稀土研究  

Demagnetization mechanism and local infiltration of heavy rare earth for permanent magnet synchronous motor in electric vehicles

作　　者：谢颖[1] 孙存峻 蔡蔚 任少卿 姜佳宁 XIE Ying;SUN Cunjun;CAI Wei;REN Shaoqing;JIANG Jianing(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China;Baotou Research Institution of Rare Earths,Baotou 014030,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]包头稀土研究院,内蒙古包头014030

出　　处：《电机与控制学报》2024年第3期75-83,共9页Electric Machines and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52377045);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U21A20145);黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2022E006)。

摘　　要：由于电动汽车用永磁同步电机(PMSM)具有高功率密度的设计要求,使得磁钢更易受到电磁以及高温影响致使出现不可逆失磁,为此常在磁钢制备时加入大量镝、铽等贵重稀土元素,但该方法使得磁钢材料价格激增。本文以一台“三角”型内置式永磁同步电机为研究对象,分别研究了温度、电枢电流大小以及弱磁角这三个因素对电机磁钢的失磁特性影响,进而确定磁钢的易失磁位置及失磁扩散规律。在此基础上,通过将电机磁钢材料的牌号更改为较低的牌号,并提出合理的选区渗重稀土设计方案,实现了在不损失电机性能的情况下,减少重稀土元素用量的目的。最后,提出一种适用于计算选区渗重稀土设计方案中最大内禀矫顽力提升倍数的方法,可为电动汽车用永磁同步电机磁钢减重稀土研发设计提供参考。Due to the design requirements of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)for electric vehicles with high power density,the magnet is more susceptible to electromagnetic and high temperature influence,resulting in demagnetization.A large number of precious rare earth elements such as dysprosium and terbium are added in the preparation of the magnet to solve the problem,but the price of magnet is higher using this method.The influence of temperature,armature current and flux weakening angle on the demagnetization characteristics of the magnet were studied for the demagnetization problem of a triangle-pole structure PMSM,and then the position and diffusion law of the demagnetization of the magnet were determined.According to the basement,by changing the grade of the motor magnet material to a lower grade and putting forward a reasonable design scheme of selective heavy rare earth infiltration,the purpose of reducing the amount of heavy rare earth elements without losing the motor performance was realized.Finally,based on the principle of magnetic demagnetization,a method was proposed to calculate the maximum coercivity increase factor in the design scheme of local infiltration of heavy rare earth,which can provide reference for the research and design of magnet weight reduction rare earth for electric vehicles PMSM.

关 键 词：内置式永磁同步电机 失磁故障 电磁转矩 反电动势 选区渗重稀土 内禀矫顽力 

分 类 号：TM341[电气工程—电机]