特定语境下正当防卫限度之教义学反思  

Dogmatic reflection on the limits of legitimate defense in specific contexts

作　　者：陆杰 凌萍萍[1] Lu Jie;Ling Pingping(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《辽宁公安司法管理干部学院学报》2024年第1期69-78,共10页Journal of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

摘　　要：由于刑法对正当防卫条款的概括性规定与现实中防卫案例的高发频率,正当防卫的限度问题既是立法的盲点与痛点,也是司法的争议焦点。为进一步厘定正当防卫的限度条件,需要在明确正当防卫权的基本性质为主动防御权的基础上,以防卫人的身份特征、先前行为、持有武器、所处地点等不同特定语境为切入点,进行相应的教义学反思。具体包括实现不法侵害程度的预测可能性与防卫方式之间的平衡,对精准防卫与概括防卫、强度过当与时间过当、紧急防卫与非紧急防卫等范畴进行合理区分;同时,强调预防性防卫的存在必要性,最终实现对防卫限度的精细化教义学框定。Due to the general provisions on legitimate defense clauses in the criminal law and the high frequency of defense cases in reality,the issue of the limits of legitimate defense is not only a blind spot and pain point in legislation,but also a focus of judicial controversy.In order to further determine the limiting conditions of legitimate defense,it is necessary to make it clear that the basic nature of the right to legitimate defense is the right to active defense,and to take into account different specific contexts such as the identity of the defender,previous behavior,possession of weapons and location as the pointcut and conduct corresponding doctrinal reflections.Specifically,it includes achieving a balance between the possibility of predicting the extent of illegal infringement and defense methods,and making reasonable distinctions between precise defense and general defense,excessive intensity and excessive time,emergency defense and non-emergency defense,etc.;at the same time,puts emphasis on the necessity of preventive defense to ultimately lead to a refined doctrinal framing of the limits of defense.

关 键 词：特定语境 防卫限度 主动防御权 预防性防卫 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]