采动诱发断层活化响应机制特征研究  

Response mechanism characteristics of mining-induced fault activation

作　　者：孙文斌[1,2,3] 郝建邦 戴宪政 孔令君 SUN Wenbin;HAO Jianbang;DAI Xianzheng;KONG Lingjun(College of Energy and Mining Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization,Beijing 100013,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Technology for Coal Mine Water Hazard,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学能源与矿业工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室,北京100013 [3]陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2024年第4期12-20,共9页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274131,51974172);泰山学者工程专项经费项目(tsqn202211152);陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室开放基金项目(2021SKZD02);煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2021-CMCU-KF017)。

摘　　要：在煤矿开采过程中,采动引起的应力扰动是导致断层活化的关键因素,这种断层活化是煤矿安全开采面临的主要挑战之一。断层活化不仅易于诱发煤矿冲击地压、底板突水等地质灾害,而且对开采安全构成重大威胁。为分析采动效应下断层构造带的演化机制,通过Flac^(3D)数值模拟软件及相似材料模拟试验,建立采动条件下断层的应力-位移响应模型,进行相关研究。结果表明:开采过程中,扰动对于应力的影响作用要先比位移产生,且应力会出现峰值;当应力出现峰值,达到屈服极限后,扰动对于位移的影响作用逐渐显现;随着工作面不断推进,采动导致上覆岩层大面积垮落,致使上覆岩层与断层带贯通,并逐渐诱发断层带的活化现象;采动影响下,断层活化并不是一次性全阶段活化,而是由上部到下部的逐渐活化,其具有明显的空间性、阶段性特征。明确了断层活化的发生特征,能够有效提高对于断层活化间接引起的冲击地压、底板突水等一系列地质灾害事故的预警预防,对于煤矿安全高效开采生产具有重要意义。In the process of coal mining,mining-induced stress perturbation is a key factor leading to fault activation,which is a primary challenge faced by safe coal mining.Fault activation is prone to induce geological disasters such as rock bursts and floor water inrushes of coal mines.Furthermore,it poses a serious threat to mining safety.Using the Flac^(3D) software for numerical simulations and similar material simulation experiments,this study established a model for faults’stress-displacement responses under coal mining to analyze the mechanisms behind the evolution of fault structure zones in the process of coal mining.Key findings are as follows:(1)During coal mining,disturbance produced an impact earlier on stress than on displacement,and the stress peaked.(2)When the stress peaked,reaching the yield limit,the disturbance began to gradually induce displacements.(3)As the mining face constantly advanced,coal mining induced the large-scale collapse of overburden rock layers,which interpenetrated the fault zone,progressively inducing the activation of the fault zone.(4)Rather than a one-time full-stage activation,the coal mining-induced fault activation progressed gradually from upper to lower parts,exhibiting significant spatial and phased characteristics.This study,ascertaining the occurrence characteristics of fault activation,can effectively improve the early warning and prevention of a series of geological disasters and accidents,such as rock bursts and floor water inrushes,indirectly caused by fault activation.Therefore,this study holds great significance for the safe and efficient mining and production of coal mines.

关 键 词：断层活化 采动影响 数值模拟 相似试验 应力分析 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]