政治思想史研究的“语言学转向”及其反思  

The"Linguistic Turn"in the Study of Political Thought History and the Reflection

作　　者：曹龙虎[1] Cao Longhu

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2024年第2期122-130,I0004,共10页Jiangsu Social Sciences

基　　金：武汉大学人才引进科研启动经费项目“近代中国的政治发展研究:概念—话语的视角(1840—1949)”(600460024)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以来,受人文社会科学“语言学转向”的整体效应影响,政治思想史研究出现了“语言学转向”的变化趋势。这一趋势发生在20世纪下半叶政治思想史研究在政治学、历史学等相关主学科中学术地位不断下降的背景之下,从而也被视为政治思想史研究积极寻求研究范式创新的重要体现。通过对政治思想史研究中的“语言学转向”问题进行总结和反思可以发现,虽然“语言学转向”拓展了政治思想史研究的议题思路,并提供了新的方法资源,但政治思想史领域的“语言学转向”也存在创新有效性有限、学科主体性困境更为突出以及无法解决“理论贫困”等一系列问题。20世纪后半叶以来政治思想史研究的学科危机问题异常复杂,除了知识层面的议题拓展、方法创新等问题外,还与政治思想史的研究定位,甚至与政治学、历史学等政治思想史所根植的相关主学科的研究取向变化等紧密相关,如何让政治思想史研究重获新生还需要更多的思考和努力。Since the 1970s,influenced by the overall effect of the"linguistic turn"in the humanities and social sciences,the study of political thought history has shown a trend of"linguistic turn".This trend emerged against the backdrop of the declining academic status of the study of political thought history in related major disciplines such as political science and history during the latter half of the 20th century,and is therefore also seen as an important manifestation of the active pursuit of paradigm innovation in the study of political thought history.By summarizing and reflecting on the"linguistic turn"issue in the study of political thought history,it can be found that although the"linguistic turn"has expanded the scope of topics and provided new methodological resources,the"linguistic turn"in the field of political thought history also has a series of problems such as limited effectiveness of innovation,more prominent disciplinary subjectivity dilemmas,and inability to address"theoretical poverty".The disciplinary crisis in the study of political thought history since the second half of the 20th century is extremely complex,closely related not only to issues such as topic expansion and methodological innovation at the knowledge level but also to changes in the research orientation of political thought history and related major disciplines such as political science and history where the political thought history is rooted.Further contemplation and effort are required to rejuvenate the study of political thought history.

关 键 词：政治思想史 语言学转向 剑桥学派 概念史 新文化史 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学] H0-05[语言文字—语言学]