浅埋近距离煤层群开采过程中上覆采空区自燃危险区预测研究  

Prediction of spontaneous combustion danger zone in overlying shallow and close goaf during mining processes

作　　者：王文才 赵婧雯 李建伟 张海龙 WANG Wencai;ZHAO Jingwen;LI Jianwei;ZHANG Hailong(School of Mining and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia,China;Dalat Banner Sujiagou Coal Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 014300,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]达拉特旗苏家沟煤炭有限责任公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯014300

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第3期914-922,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52064043);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2020MS05010)。

摘　　要：为揭示浅埋深近距离煤层群开采过程中地表裂隙发育对上覆采空区遗煤自燃的影响规律及影响范围,以苏家沟煤矿为研究背景,建立采空区流场流动及低温氧化的数学模型和三维几何模型。采用FLUENT模拟软件模拟了下煤层工作面推进过程中上覆采空区的氧气分布情况,得到了浅埋近距离煤层上覆采空区基于裂隙动态发育的氧气场和风流场的分布规律。依据采空区自燃危险区域判定理论,对上部煤层采空区内的自然发火危险区域进行预测。结果表明:连通地表与采空区的裂隙数量随工作面的推进而增加,上覆采空区氧化升温区域主要集中在滞后工作面0~20 m范围内,采空区深部的氧化带分布在新、老裂隙附近,在进风侧靠近地表且在回风侧靠近裂隙底端;当工作面推进120 m,即产生3条贯通型裂缝时,采空区自燃危险性最大,结合风流场云图确定上煤层底板自燃危险区距工作面水平距离为97.5 m,是煤矿开采过程中的重点防护区域。To reveal the influence law of surface fracture development on the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the overlying goaf during the mining of short-range coal seams,three-dimensional geometric models and mathematical model of goaf are established,including flow field flow equation and low-temperature oxidation model,with Sujiagou Coal Mine as the research background.Based on the above models,the oxygen concentration distribution in the overlying goaf during the advancement of the working face of the lower coal seam is simulated by Fluent software.And the distribution pattern of oxygen and airflow fields under the dynamic development of fractures in the overlying goaf was obtained.Furthermore,the risk area of spontaneous combustion in the upper goaf is determined based on the standard for the classification of spontaneous combustion hazard zones.The research results show that the number of cracks connecting the surface and goaf increases with the advance of the working face and the oxidation temperature rise zone in the goaf is concentrated in the range of 0-20 m behind the working face.Besides,the oxidation zones in depth goaf are distributed near the new and old fractures-the air inlet side is close to the surface and the air return side is close to the bottom of the fractures.When the working face advances 120 m,three through cracks are generated.In this case,the oxidation zone is the most widely distributed and accounts for the largest proportion of the goaf,which lead to the greatest risk of spontaneous combustion.The intersection of the distribution cloud map of the oxidation zone and airflow field is determined as the spontaneous combustion danger area,which is the key protection area in the process of coal mining,and the horizontal distance between the risk zone and working face is 97.5 m.

关 键 词：安全工程 近距离煤层群 采空区自燃 数值模拟 危险区预测 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]