融合VR-眼动的施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征研究  

A study of visual attention and search features for construction site hazard identification incorporating VR-eye movement

作　　者：郑霞忠[1,2] 石博元 陈云[1,2,3] 胡其林[4] ZHENG Xiazhong;SHI Boyuan;CHEN Yun;HU Qilin(Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Monitoring for Hydropower Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;China Water Resources and Hydropower Fifth Engineering Bureau Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水电工程施工与管理湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [3]湖北省水电工程智能视觉监测重点实验室(三峡大学),湖北宜昌443002 [4]中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司,成都610066

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第3期1087-1095,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(52209163);水电工程智能视觉监测湖北省重点实验室建设项目(2022SDSJ07)。

摘　　要：为探究施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征,提升识别绩效水平,融合虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)和眼动追踪技术,开展VR施工场景内的隐患识别试验,收集不同隐患识别经验群体的眼动数据;运用统计学方法,对比分析累计注视时间、注视百分比等眼动指标的差异性,揭示隐患识别经验与注意力资源分配方式的内在联系;基于眼动轨迹匹配法,聚类首次视觉搜索轨迹,结合施工现场空间布局,探究隐患识别经验影响下搜索习惯的差异。结果表明:经验知识水平对隐患识别绩效具备驱动作用,但隐患专业度过低则会弱化经验知识的效果;被试的注意资源大多集中于具有视觉显著性特征的无关要素,仅有小部分分配于隐患,然而,具有较高经验知识水平的被试对隐患信息更加敏感,分配于隐患的注意资源占比更高;相较于新手组同一区域多次重复的搜索习惯,专家组大多采用某一区域的详细搜索再切换到下一区域的方式。To investigate the visual attention and search characteristics involved in recognizing hidden hazards at construction sites,and to enhance the level of recognition performance,we conducted an experiment in which Virtual Reality(VR)and eye-tracking technology were integrated to simulate construction scenes.Eye-movement data were collected from two groups of participants with different levels of experience in recognizing hidden hazards.Statistical methods were employed to screen and collate eye-movement indicators,such as the first gaze time,and compare the recognition performance of the two groups.Differences in the cumulative gaze time,gaze percentage,and other eye-movement indicators were analyzed to reveal the intrinsic connection between the level of experience in recognizing hidden hazards and the allocation of attention resources.Using the eye-movement trajectory matching method,the first visual search trajectories of the two groups were clustered,and the differences in search habits under the influence of the experience of recognizing hidden hazards were investigated by combining the spatial layout of the construction site.The results of the experiment showed that the level of empirical knowledge played a key role in driving the performance of hazard recognition,but the effect of empirical knowledge was weakened by a low level of hazard expertise.The attentional resources of the subjects were mostly focused on irrelevant elements with visual saliency characteristics,and only a small proportion of attentional resources were allocated to hazards in the virtual construction scenario.However,subjects with a higher level of empirical knowledge were more sensitive to hidden danger information and allocated a higher proportion of attention resources to hazards at the construction site.For the visual search habit of hidden hazards in the virtual scene,the expert group mostly used a detailed search of one area before switching to the next,while the novice group repeatedly searched the same area.

关 键 词：安全社会工程 隐患识别 虚拟现实(VR) 眼动试验 识别特征 

分 类 号：X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学]