我国城市地表水中微塑料特征、生态风险及来源分析  

Characteristics,environment risks,and source analysis of microplastics in urban surface water across China

作　　者：张国珍[1,2] 杨思益 闵芮 张洪伟[1,2] 张佳倩 高淑会 周添红[1,2] ZHANG Guozhen;YANG Siyi;MIN Rui;ZHANG Hongwei;ZHANG Jiaqian;GAO Shuhui;ZHOU Tianhong(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第3期1209-1222,共14页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52060012);兰州交通大学重大科技成果培育项目(2022CG07);甘肃省科技厅自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA316,20JR10RA240)。

摘　　要：近年来,城市地表水体中的微塑料污染引起了诸多关注。对我国城市地表水中微塑料的特征、生态风险及其来源进行综述的结果显示,受地理位置、环境条件、经济发展和垃圾管理能力的影响,我国城市地表水中微塑料的分布呈现出空间异质性,丰度为10.88~713500个/m^(3),以小于1 mm的小尺寸为主(66.8%),并普遍以纤维形式存在(51%)。以此为基础进行生态风险评估,其中微塑料污染负荷指数(L)评估结果为30%低风险,52%中到高风险,16%极高风险;化学毒性危险指数(H)评估结果为26%低风险,中、高风险均为36%;潜在生态风险指数(E_(r)^(i))评估结果均为低风险。微塑料的源汇分析表明,微塑料的来源受人类活动影响较大,生产生活过程均可能向环境释放微塑料。研究可为评估和管理城市地表水中的微塑料生态风险提供支撑。In recent years,the pollution of microplastics in urban surface water has attracted much attention.This paper obtained relevant literature and data by searching keywords including microplastics and urban on websites such as Science Direct and Web of Science.We provided a comprehensive review of the characteristics,ecological risks,and sources of microplastics in urban surface water in China,originating in studies that covered 40 waters.The results show that due to the influences of geographical location,environmental conditions,economic development,and garbage management capabilities,the distribution of microplastics in urban surface water in China exhibits spatial heterogeneity,with an abundance range of 10.88 n/m^(3) to 713500 n/m 3(average abundance is 24950.28±110793.97),mainly consisting of small particles smaller than 1 mm(66.8%),and commonly existing in the form of fibers(51%).Based on this result,the pollution load index(L)of microplastics in water assessment results are 30% low,52% moderate to high,and 16% extremely high risk,and the potential hazardous index(H)assessment results are 26% low,36% moderate and high risk,potential ecological risk index(E_(r)^(i))assessment results were low risk.The result shows that a single indicator can not fully evaluate the ecological risk,and factors such as the abundance of microplastics,types,and quantities of highly toxic microplastics should be considered comprehensively.Analysis of the sources and sinks of microplastics indicates that human activities,such as daily necessities,industry,agriculture,forestry,fishery,transportation,and tourism,are major contributors to the presence of microplastics in urban surface water.This study provides support for the assessment and management of the ecological risks of microplastics in urban surface water.In addition,the future development trend and research prospects were put forward for the deficiencies in the current research on microplastics.

关 键 词：环境工程学 微塑料 城市地表水 污染特征 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]