春灌定额对不同盐碱度农田水盐分布影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Spring Irrigation Quota on the Water and Salt Distribution in Different Salinization Farmlands

作　　者：宋仁友 吕廷波[1,2] 刘一凡 李文昊 付鑫法[1,2] 李港强 SONG Ren-you;LÜTing-bo;LIU Yi-fan;LI Wen-hao;FU Xin-fa;LI Gang-qiang(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第4期19-26,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB024)。

摘　　要：为探究春灌定额对不同盐碱度农田土壤水盐分布的影响,确定适宜保墒洗盐的春灌定额。分别在中度盐碱地S1(5.23 g/kg)和重度盐碱地S2(8.27 g/kg)设置3种春灌定额处理(W1:1 800 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2:2 250 m^(3)/hm^(2),W3:2 700 m^(3)/hm^(2)),分析比较了春灌后至棉花播种前0~100 cm土壤水盐运移和分布情况。结果表明:春灌后14~21 d,S1W2处理71.37%的水量可保持在土体内,S2W3处理77.26%水量保持在土体内,可使农田土壤达到适宜作物生长的土壤墒情;盐分淋洗主要发生在0~60 cm土层内,0~30 cm内淋洗效果更加显著,春灌定额越大将盐分带入深层的作用越强,春灌后21 d开始出现返盐现象;春灌时间在播前21 d左右为宜,中度盐碱地春灌定额2 284.7 m^(3)/hm^(2),重度盐碱地春灌定额2 700 m^(3)/hm^(2)左右时,可达到较为良好的节水保墒洗盐效果,重度盐碱地可以根据实际情况适当提高春灌定额。研究结果可为图木舒克市不同盐碱度农田春灌提供一定的理论依据和技术参考。To investigate the impact of spring irrigation quotas on the distribution of soil water and salt in farmland with varying salinity levels,and determine the suitable spring irrigation quotas for soil moisture preservation and salt washing,three types of spring irrigation quotas treatments(W1:1800 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2:2250 m^(3)/hm^(2),W3:2700 m^(3)/hm^(2))were implemented in moderate saline alkali land S1(5.23 g/kg)and severe saline alkali land S2(8.27 g/kg),respectively.The water and salt transport and distribution in soil layers of 0~100 cm from spring irrigation to cotton sowing were analyzed and compared.The results showed that from 14 to 21 days after spring irrigation,71.37%of the water content in S1W2 treatment can be maintained in the soil,while 77.26%of the water content in S2W3 treatment can be maintained in the soil,which can achieve suitable soil moisture for crop growth in farmland soil.Salt leaching mainly occurs in the 0~60 cm soil layer,and the leaching effect is more significant within 0~30 cm.Greater spring irrigation quotas resulted in a stronger salt accumulation in deeper soil layers The phenomenon of salt return begins to appear 21 days after spring irrigation. The spring irrigation time should be around 21 daysbefore sowing. When the spring irrigation quotas for moderately saline alkali soil is 2 284.7 m^(3)/hm^(2) and for heavily saline alkali soil is around2 700 m^(3)/hm^(2), it can achieve a relatively good water-saving, moisture retention, and salt washing effect. For heavily saline alkali soil, thespring irrigation quota can be appropriately increased based on the actual situation. The research results can provide a certain theoreticalbasis and technical reference for spring irrigation in farmland with different salinity and alkalinity in Tumushuke City.

关 键 词：春灌定额 盐碱度 水盐运移 土壤墒情 盐分淋洗 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]