变量灌水器独立双流道结构设计与优化研究  

Research on Design and Optimization of Variable Emitter with Independent Double Channels

作　　者：孙钰理 刘旭飞 杨福慧 张林[1,2] SUN Yu-li;LIU Xu-fei;YANG Fu-hui;ZHANG Lin(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第4期34-44,共11页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1900403)。

摘　　要：新疆灌溉农业通常在作物生长期采用低流量滴灌以提高水分利用效率,而后在休耕期采用沟灌洗盐来防止次生盐碱化。这个相对复杂的农业生产过程可能会增加新疆当地劳动力和资源过度投入。为此,通过3D打印技术开发了一种具有独立双重流道的新型变量灌水器,该灌水器在两个工作水压水平(6~10 m和12~15 m)下具有灌溉和洗盐功能。通过室内试验分析了变量灌水器基本水力性能(流量系数、流态指数),然后利用计算流体动力学(CFD)和通径分析相结合的方法,研究了变量灌水器水力性能对流道宽(w)、流道深(D)、流道长(L)、齿高(h)和齿底距(b)的响应。结果表明,随着工作水压从6 m增加至10 m,变量灌水器出流量从1.6 L/h缓慢地增加到2.1 L/h,当工作水压进一步增大至12 m时,变量灌水器出流量急剧达到4.5 L/h,增幅达114.3%,这说明通过调节工作水压,所设计的变量灌水器可原位实现灌溉功能(较小流量)和洗盐功能(较大流量)的自由切换。根据新疆当地农田实际灌溉定额和盐碱化程度,推荐了适宜的变量灌水器流道参数。例如,在轻度盐碱地中,变量灌水器适宜的w、D、h、L和b分别为0.60、0.60、0.80、8.80和0.60 mm。The agricultural planting system in Xinjiang commonly employs the drip irrigation with low discharge during the growth period to improve the water use efficiency,and then applies furrow irrigation at fallow period to restrict the secondary salinization.However,this relatively complex process increases the input of labor and material resources.To address this,this study developed a new variable emitter with independent double channels by 3D printing technology.The emitter was designed to provide irrigation and salt-leaching capabilities under two different working water pressure levels(6~10 m and 12~15 m).The basic hydraulic performance of variable emitter was tested by laboratory experiments.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)combine with path analysis were then used to investigate the effect of hydraulic performance of variable emitter response to the width(w),depth(D),length of flow channel(L),height(h)and distance of tooth(b).The results demonstrated that the discharge of the designed variable emitter smoothly increased from 1.61 L/h to 2.08 L/h with the development of working water pressure(6~10 m),and then sharply reach to 4.50 L/h at working water pressure by 12 m.This indicated that variable emitter could be used for both irrigation and salt-leaching under two water pressure levels.Considering the practical application requirements of related to irrigation quota and salinization degree in most farmland in Xinjiang,the suitable flow channel parameters of variable emitter were recommended.For instance,the appropriate values for w,D,h,L and b of variable emitter were 0.60 mm,0.60 mm,0.80 mm,8.80 mm,and 0.6 mm for the utilization on slight saline-alkali farmland,respectively.

关 键 词：变量灌水器 独立双重流道 水力性能 盐分淋洗 洗盐 结构优化 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]