高含沙水滴灌灌水器堵塞机制及防堵技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Clogging Mechanism of Emitters and Anti-clogging Technology for Drip Irrigation Using Water of High Sand Content

作　　者：夏天[1] 田军仓[1] 李小纲 XIA Tian;TIAN Jun-cang;LI Xiao-gang(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第4期51-57,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划重大项目(2018BBF02022)。

摘　　要：为解决黄河水中粒径小于0.10 mm细小泥沙颗粒引发的滴灌灌水器堵塞问题。通过文献调研,回顾了高含沙水滴灌条件下灌水器物理堵塞机制相关研究进展,并提出了进一步研究方向。细小泥沙颗粒含量较高的浑水滴灌时,滴头堵塞主要是含沙量、泥沙粒径与颗粒级配耦合作用的结果。滴灌系统工作条件如工作压力的动态变化有助于移除流道内黏、粉等细颗粒堵塞物质,促进较大泥沙颗粒排出流道;灌溉水温越高,滴头抗物理堵塞性能越强;对浑水加气和磁化处理可改变毛管内水流水力特性及悬浮泥沙运动规律,增强水流拖拽力,减小管道内泥沙淤积量。此外,施肥增强了水体中泥沙颗粒间的絮凝作用,对浑水水肥一体化滴灌滴头堵塞具有明显加速作用。浑水含沙量、粒径和颗粒级配是引发滴头物理堵塞的重要因素,确定易引发滴头堵塞的敏感含沙量、颗粒粒径段,选用适宜肥料种类和施肥浓度阈值,优化滴灌系统工作条件参数是改变毛管内泥沙颗粒运移和沉积规律、延缓滴头堵塞进程、提高水肥一体化滴灌水肥利用效率的有力措施;采用统一的灌水试验方法,充分利用现代测试手段,结合生产实际有针对性地改进工程技术处理措施是解决滴头堵塞问题的必要途径。In order to solve emitter clogging problem of drip irrigation caused by fine sediment particles smaller than 0.10 mm in the Yellow River.Based on the literature review,research progress on the physical clogging mechanism of drip irrigation emitters by using irrigation water of high sand content is reviewed,and further research direction is put forward.In drip irrigation with muddy water of high content of fine sediment particles,emitter clogging is mainly caused by the combined effects of sediment content,sediment particle size,and particle size distribution.Changes of working conditions for drip irrigation system,such as dynamic variations of working pressure,can help to remove fine particles such as silt and clay from the flow channel,and promote the discharge of larger sediment particles from the flow channel.Higher irrigation water temperature enhances the emitters'resistance to physical clogging.Aeration and magnetization of muddy water can change the hydraulic characteristics of water flow and the motion law of suspended sediment,increasing the dragging force of water flow and reducing the sediment accumulation in the pipe.In addition,fertilization enhances the flocculation between sediment particles and significantly accelerates the emitter clogging in drip fertigation with muddy water. The sediment content, particle size, and particle size distribution ofmuddy water are crucial factors leading to physical clogging of emitters. Identifying the sensitive sediment content and particle size segmentsthat are prone to cause drip irrigation emitter clogging, selecting suitable fertilizer types and fertilization concentration thresholds, andoptimizing the working conditions of drip irrigation system are effective measures to modify the transport and deposition laws of sedimentparticles in capillary tubes. These measures can help to delay drip emitter clogging process, and improve the utilization efficiency offertigation. Improving engineering treatment measures using uniform experimental method, making full use o

关 键 词：滴灌灌水器 滴头堵塞 高含沙水 过滤抗堵技术 进展 

分 类 号：S273[农业科学—农业水土工程]